Impact of maternal metabolic abnormalities in pregnancy on human milk and subsequent infant metabolic development: methodology and design |
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| Authors: | Sylvia H Ley Deborah L O'Connor Ravi Retnakaran Jill K Hamilton Mathew Sermer Bernard Zinman Anthony J Hanley |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Nutritional Sciences,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada;2.Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical Dietetics,Hospital for Sick Children,Toronto,Canada;3.Division of Endocrinology,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada;4.Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,Canada;5.Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology,Hospital for Sick Children,Toronto,Canada;6.Obstetrics and Gynecology,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,Canada;7.Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,Canada |
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| Abstract: | Background Childhood obesity is on the rise and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes later in life. Recent evidence indicates that abnormalities that increase risk for diabetes may be initiated early in infancy. Since the offspring of women with diabetes have an increased long-term risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes, the impact of maternal metabolic abnormalities on early nutrition and infant metabolic trajectories is of considerable interest. Human breast milk, the preferred food during infancy, contains not only nutrients but also an array of bioactive substances including metabolic hormones. Nonetheless, only a few studies have reported concentrations of metabolic hormones in human milk specifically from women with metabolic abnormalities. We aim to investigate the impact of maternal metabolic abnormalities in pregnancy on human milk hormones and subsequently on infant development over the first year of life. The objective of this report is to present the methodology and design of this study. |
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