右美托咪定经鼻使用在麻醉中的研究进展

右美托咪定为美托咪定的活性右旋异构体,是一种高效、高选择性的α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂,具有良好的镇静、镇痛和抗交感作用。同时对呼吸无抑制,可作为围手术期麻醉合并用药。右美托咪定经鼻给药是临床常用的方式之一,鼻腔黏膜毛细血管丰富,吸收药物迅速。与静脉给药相比,经鼻给药无创简便、刺激性小,起效缓慢平稳、易于被患者接受,因而在临床上广泛用于围手术期或手术室外有创检查等操作的镇静、镇痛。

Research progress on intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine in anesthesia

Dexmedetomidine,an active dextroisomer of metomidine,is a highly efficient and highly selectiveα2 adrenergic agonist with good sedative,analgesic and anti-sympathetic effects.It also has no inhibition for respiratory and can be used as a combined drug in perioperative anesthesia.Intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine is one of the commonly used methods in clinical practice.The nasal mucosa is rich in capillaries and the drug is absorbed quickly.Compared with intravenous administration,intranasal administration is non-invasive and simple,with small irritation,slow and steady onset,and easy to be accepted by patients.Therefore,it is widely used in clinical sedation and analgesia during the perioperative period and invasive examinations outside the operating room.