蚌埠市围绝经期妇女健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的了解蚌埠市围绝经期妇女健康状况，分析其围绝经期综合征、盆底功能障碍等疾病发生水平及影响因素，探讨围绝经期妇女健康需求。方法采用多阶段随机组群抽样方法，选取蚌埠市40~60岁妇女957名进行问卷调查，收集一般人口学及健康状况信息进行分析。结果调查人群中围绝经期综合征发生率为42.11%（403/957）。不同年龄、文化水平、体质量指数、婚姻状况、伴侣健康状况、与子女关系、睡眠质量、运动习惯、痛经史、顺产分娩次数、近1年月经状况妇女的围绝经期综合征差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05~P＜0.01）。多分类logistic回归分析显示，轻、中度围绝经期综合征人群中，以停经1年者为对照，月经正常者围绝经期综合征发生率更低（P＜0.05和P＜0.01）；中度围绝经期综合征人群中，40~44岁较55~60岁、有痛经史相对于无痛经史妇女的围绝经期综合征发生率均更高（P＜0.05~P＜0.01），而睡眠质量良好相对于睡眠质量差、无顺产分娩经历或顺产分娩1次相对于顺产分娩次数≥3次妇女的围绝经期综合征发生率均更低（P＜0.05~P＜0.01）；重度围绝经期综合征人群中，睡眠质量良好相对于睡眠质量差妇女的围绝经期综合征发生率更低（P＜0.01），文化水平小学及以下妇女较文化水平大专及以上者围绝经期综合征发生率均更高（P＜0.01）。不同年龄、体质量指数、文化水平、婚姻质量、与子女关系、睡眠质量、痛经史、近1年月经状况围绝经期妇女的盆底功能障碍量表评分间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05~P＜0.01）。文化水平高、良好的家庭关系、无痛经史均为围绝经期妇女盆底功能障碍的保护因素，消瘦、分娩、月经紊乱则均为盆底功能障碍的危险因素（P＜0.05~P＜0.01）。结论蚌埠地区围绝经期妇女围绝经期综合征及其他不适症状检出率较高，对相关知识的需求和了解程度难以维持平衡，应重视围绝经期妇女的保健工作。

Study on the health status of perimenopausal women and its influencing factors in Bengbu city

ObjectiveTo investigate the health status, analyze the incidence of perimenopausal syndrome, pelvic floor dysfunction and their influencing factors, and explore the health needs of perimenopausal women in Bengbu city.MethodsUsing the multi-stage random group sampling method, 957 women aged 40-60 years in Bengbu city were selected to carry out a questionnaire survey, and the general demographic and health information were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence rate of perimenopausal syndrome was 42.11%(403/957).The differences of the perimenopausal syndromes among women with different ages, education levels, body mass index, marital status, partner health status, relationship with children, sleep quality, exercise habit, dysmenorrhea history, times of vaginal delivery and menstrual status in the past 1 year were statistically significant(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence rates of mild and moderate perimenopausal syndrome in those with normal menstruation were lower compared with the patients with menopause for 1 year(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).In the group of moderate perimenopausal syndrome, the incidence rates of perimenopausal syndrome in women with 40-44 years old and dysmenorrhea were higher than those in 55-60 years old and without dysmenorrhea(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The incidence rates of perimenopausal syndrome in women with good sleep quality and no experience of vaginal delivery or women with one vaginal delivery were lower than in women with poor sleep quality and more than three times of vaginal delivery(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).In severe perimenopausal syndrome group, the incidence rate of perimenopausal syndrome in women with good sleep quality was lower than in women with poor sleep quality(P < 0.01), and the incidence rates of perimenopausal syndrome in women with primary school education and below were higher than in women with junior college education and above(P < 0.01).The differences of the pelvic floor dysfunction scale scores of perimenopausal women with different ages, body mass index, education level, marital quality, relationship with children, sleep quality, dysmenorrhea history and menstrual status in the past 1 year were statistically significant(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).The high education level, good family relationship and no history of dysmenorrhea were the protective factors of pelvic floor dysfunction in perimenopausal women, while the emaciation, childbirth and menstrual disorder were the risk factors of pelvic floor dysfunction(P < 0.05 to P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe detection rate of perimenopausal syndrome and other uncomfortable symptoms in perimenopausal women in Bengbu area is relatively high, the demand for relevant knowledge and degree of understanding are not balanced, and the health care for perimenopausal women should be paid attention to.