Tramadol effects on physical performance and sustained attention during a 20-min indoor cycling time-trial: A randomised controlled trial |
| |
Authors: | Darías Holgado Thomas Zandonai Mikel Zabala James Hopker Pandelis Perakakis Antonio Luque-Casado Luis Ciria Eduardo Guerra-Hernandez Daniel Sanabria |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain;2. Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain;3. Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain;4. Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, UK;5. Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Departamento de Psicología, Campus de Palmas Altas, Sevilla, España;6. Department of Physical Activity and Sport, “San Isidoro” University Center (Pablo de Olavide University), Spain;g. Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain |
| |
Abstract: | ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of tramadol on performance during a 20-min cycling time-trial (Experiment 1), and to test whether sustained attention would be impaired during cycling after tramadol intake (Experiment 2).DesignRandomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.MethodsIn Experiment 1, participants completed a cycling time-trial, 120-min after they ingested either tramadol or placebo. In Experiment 2, participants performed a visual oddball task during the time-trial. Electroencephalography measures (EEG) were recorded throughout the session.ResultsIn Experiment 1, average time-trial power output was higher in the tramadol vs. placebo condition (tramadol: 220 W vs. placebo: 209 W; p < 0.01). In Experiment 2, no differences between conditions were observed in the average power output (tramadol: 234 W vs. placebo: 230 W; p > 0.05). No behavioural differences were found between conditions in the oddball task. Crucially, the time frequency analysis in Experiment 2 revealed an overall lower target-locked power in the beta-band (p < 0.01), and higher alpha suppression (p < 0.01) in the tramadol vs. placebo condition. At baseline, EEG power spectrum was higher under tramadol than under placebo in Experiment 1 while the reverse was true for Experiment 2.ConclusionsTramadol improved cycling power output in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2, which may be due to the simultaneous performance of a cognitive task. Interestingly enough, the EEG data in Experiment 2 pointed to an impact of tramadol on stimulus processing related to sustained attention.Trial registrationEudraCT number: 2015-005056-96. |
| |
Keywords: | Doping in sport Opioid analgesic Athletes EEG Exercise Brain |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|