外科患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成危险因素分析及防范措施

目的：探讨外科患者术后下肢深静脉血栓发生的危险因素并提出相应的预防性护理干预措施。方法：采用回顾性分析方法,对我院住院部2003年1月～2008年12月外科术后发生深静脉血栓的108例患者的危险因素进行分析,同时随机选择同期住院行手术治疗并未发生下肢深静脉血栓的154名患者作为对照组,比较危险因素对深静脉血栓形成的影响。结果：术后发生下肢深静脉血栓的患者平均手术时间及术后平均制动时间明显长于未发生下肢深静脉血栓者（P〈0.05）;在下肢深静脉血栓患者中,吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等危险因素比例明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;但酗酒和血栓栓塞家族史在两组患者中未见明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：外科术后患者下肢深静脉血栓是一种多危险因素综合作用的结果,应该针对这些危险因素,从护理角度提出相应的预防性护理干预措施,以期减少外科术后下肢深静脉血栓的发生。

Risk factors analysis and intensified nursing of the patients after surgery with deep venous thrombosis.

Objective ：To evaluate risk factors of the patients after surgery with deep venous thrombosis（DVT） and propose nursing intervention measures. Methods ： 108 patients to be hospitalized with DVT after surgery were selected in observation group and 154 patients without DVT after surgery were selected in control group during January 2003 to December 2008 in our hospital. Risk factors were analyzed with retrespeetive analytical method. Results ： The average surgery time and the postoperative immobile time in observation group was obviously longer than that in control group（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Smoking , hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia were risk factors of DVT patients, but there was no significantly difference （ P 〉 0.05 ） of alcholism and thromboembelism family history was found between observation group and control group. Conclusion ： DVT patients after surgery are due to a lot of risk factors. Nursing intervention measure to point against risk factors should be to put forward in order to decrease incidence rate of DVT after surgery.