云南省16年人间鼠疫疫情动态分析

目的了解云南省16年来人间鼠疫疫情动态.方法对1986～2002年云南省家鼠疫源地鼠疫疫情流行资料进行了统计.结果云南共有43个县(市)发生动物鼠疫流行,其中29个县(市)发生了人间鼠疫流行,共确诊鼠疫患者492例,死亡2例.主要传染源是黄胸鼠,传播媒介为印鼠客蚤,传播途径为鼠-蚤-人.人间病例全年均有发生,但主要流行季节为7～11月,高峰为9月.结论通过对疫源地自然地理结构、宿主动物及媒介生物等流行病学资料分析,认为以上因素与云南目前发生的散在或局部暴发的人间鼠疫密切相关,是人间鼠疫再次流行或暴发的危险因子.并认为加强监测管理,及早控制鼠间鼠疫的流行,定期灭鼠,同时杀灭媒介生物,是预防控制人间鼠疫发生的重要对策.

Dynamic Analysis of Epidemic Situation of Human Plague in Yunnan for Sixteen Years

Objective To know dynamic situation of human plague epidemic in Yunnan for 16 years. Method The human plague epidemiological data of the house mouse plague was analyzed in epidemic area in Yunnan during the period from 1986 to 2002. Result There were 43 counties with plague epidemic in rodents, and human plague occurred in 29 counties. 492 cases were diagnosed gland plague and 2 cases died. The predominant contagious sources was Rattus flavipectus and the arthropod vector was Xenopsylla cheopis. Rodents-flea-human was the model of the infection of plague. Although plague cases appeared in whole year, the period from July to November was the primary epidemic season. The peak was in September. Conclusion Based on the analysis of the natural geographic structures, epidemiological data of the host animals and the vectors and so on, we considered that the above factors were associated with the epidemic human plague in Yunnan presently. These complications were risk factors of re-emerging of human plague. It is an important precautionary measure that we should strengthen the managements of plague surveillance, control epidemic of rodents plague early, and kill rodents and vectors periodically.