PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂在多形性胶质母细胞瘤中的研究进展

多形性胶质母细胞瘤(Glioblastoma multiforme,GBM)是目前最常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤之一。GBM具有高侵袭性、高复发率和低生存率等特点,预后较差。程序性细胞死亡受体1(Programmed cell death receptor 1,PD-1)/程序性细胞死亡配体1(Programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)作为主要的免疫检查点(Immune checkpoint,IC),形成免疫通路,可触发免疫反应的负性调控,增强脑组织中GBM细胞的侵袭性。在GBM的治疗研究中,免疫检查点抑制剂(Immune checkpoint inhibitor,ICI)也受到了相当大的关注。ICI通过抑制负性免疫调节途径来激活抗肿瘤反应,为GBM提供了新的治疗途径。目前已有多项临床研究集中在标准治疗(替莫唑胺、放疗)、靶向治疗和其他免疫治疗的联合应用方面。本综述阐述了PD-1/PD-L1通路,概述了PD-1/PD-L1 ICI单药、新辅助治疗以及联合化疗、放疗、靶向治疗、激素等多种方式治疗GBM的研究进展。

Research progress in PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors.GBM has the characteristics of high invasiveness,high recurrence rate and low survival rate,with a poor prognosis.Programmed cell death receptor 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)as the main immune checkpoint(IC),the formation of immune pathways can trigger negative regulation of immune response and enhance the invasiveness of GBM cells in brain tissue.Research into GBM treatment is ongoing,and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have also received considerable attention.ICIs activate antitumor response by inhibiting negative immunoregulatory pathways,providing a new therapeutic approach for GBM.Several clinical studies have focused on the combination of standard therapy(temozolomide,radiotherapy),targeted therapy,and other immunotherapies.This review describes the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways,and summarizes the research progress of PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy,neoadjuvant therapy and combined chemotherapy,radiotherapy,targeted therapy,hormones,etc.in the treatment of GBM.