医院视角下新发重大传染病监测预警及防控对策探讨

新发重大传染病是21世纪人类面临的重大挑战,其传播途径复杂、潜伏周期短、感染性强。目前,世界各国均存在对新发传染病快速诊断、应对措施及医疗防护物资储备不足等问题,使得潜在的风险难以识别,容易发生院内交叉感染,从而导致疫情爆发、医疗资源挤兑严重等情况发生。国家亟待构建以大数据为支撑、以医院为基础、以人工智能为辅助的高效协同监测预警体系及应急救治体系,并优化运营机制。

Surveillance,early warning,and control of emerging infectious diseases:from the perspective of hospitals

Emerging infectious diseases(EIDs),featured by complex transmission routes,short incubation period,and strong infectivity,pose major challenges in the 21 st century.At present,there is a lack of rapid diagnostic tools,response measures,and stockpiles of personal protective equipment(PPE)in most of the countries when an EID occurs,making the potential risks difficult to be identified and leading to cross-infection in hospitals;as a result,outbreaks and medical resource scarcities become unavoidable.The central government should urgently establish an efficient collaborative monitoring and early warning system and emergency rescue system that are supported by big data,based on hospitals,and assisted by artificial intelligence,and optimize operation mechanisms.