砂仁及其伪品鉴别方法研究进展

砂仁是常用中药,也是我国“四大南药”之一,市场需求量巨大,而在云南、广东等地的种植量不能满足市场需求,仍需大量进口。由于进口国家豆蔻属植物种类丰富,进口砂仁中掺杂大量近缘种,药材鉴别困难,导致如今砂仁药材市场掺伪现象严重。通过查阅了近40年的文献,对目前市场上主要砂仁伪品进行总结,分析了鉴别砂仁真伪品的主要方法。随着砂仁伪品不断变化,传统性状鉴别、显微鉴别、色谱方法等很难实现砂仁的真伪鉴别,分子鉴别方法能够基本实现砂仁真伪鉴别,市场推广应用不足。若要规范砂仁药材市场,需在药材源头控制的基础上,开发更为简易、普适的鉴别方法,同时也为砂仁临床用药安全提供保障。

Research Progress on Identification Methods of Amomi Fructus and Its Counterfeits

Amomi Fructus, as one of the "Four Southern Medicines" in China, is a commonly used Chinese medicine. Since the market demand is huge and the planting Amomi Fructus in Yunnan, Guangdong, and other places cannot meet the market demand, it still needs to be imported in large quantities. However, due to the rich varieties of Amomum species in the importing countries and a quantity of related species in the imported Amomi Fructus, it is difficult to identify the medicinal materials, which has led to the serious phenomenon of adulteration in the Amomi Fructus medicinal materials market. The author consulted the literature for nearly 40 years, summarized the existing main counterfeits of Amomi Fructus in the market, and analyzed the main methods for the identification of the counterfeits of Amomi Fructus. With the continuous change in counterfeits of Amomi Fructus, it was difficult to identify the authenticity of Amomi Fructus by traditional character identification, microscopic identification, and chromatographic method. Molecular identification method basically realized the authenticity identification of Amomi Fructus, but it did not achieve market promotion. Therefore, to regulate the market of Amomi Fructus, it is necessary to develop simpler and universal identification methods based on the source control of the medicinal materials. At the same time, it also provides guarantee for the clinical medication safety of Amomi Fructus.