中国沿海的贝毒问题研究

我国对贝毒的调查研究工作目前正在开始，除了已查明江瑶具有内源性贝毒之外，主要的研究工作集中在赤潮产生的麻痹性贝毒（ＰＳＰ）上面，ＰＳＰ中毒案例主要发生在中国南方的浙江、福建、广东及台湾等地，其中有一些案例是致命性的。科研人员研究了广东省各种贝类中ＰＳＰ的含量，组织中分布及季节变化的情况，对其组份进行分析发现主要成份为ＳＴＸ，ｎｅｏＳＴＸ及ＧＴＸ１～４等。在我国沿海已发现了三种产生ＰＳＰ的毒藻，其中的Ａｌｅｘａｎｄｒｉｕｍｔａｍａｒｅｎｓｅ已分离出孢子并培养出单株克隆体供研究用，值得注意的是，我国沿海还发现过产生腹泻性贝毒，神经性贝毒及失忆性贝毒等毒源藻类，应提高警惕其形成“赤潮”，并在贝体内大量积累的可能性

Studis of Shellfish Toxin along the Chinese Coast

おhe research of shellfish toxins is started in China.Except the studies on pinnatoxin,a non exogenous toxin isolated from Pinna attenuate reeve,the mainly focus was on the paralysis shellfish poison (PSP).Human illness from PSP was reported from Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong and Taiwan provinces and some of these episodes caused fatalities.The amount,distribution in the organ and tissues and seasonal change of PSP in some shellfishes in Guangdong have been studied.Composition profile analysis of PSP in these shellfishes showed that the dominant toxins were Saxitoxin,Neosaxitoxin and Gonyautoxin 1～4.Three species of algae producing PSP were found along the Chinese coast,they are Alexandrium tamarense,Alexandrium cohorticular and Alexandrium catanella. The A.tamanense  has been isolted from germinated cysts as clonal strains for study. Also some other toxic algae that can secrete diarrhetic shellfish poison, neurotoxic shellfish poison and amnesic shellfish poison have been found along the Chinese coast.So attention should be paid to the possibility that they can produce red tide and their poisons also could be accumulated in the shellfish.