北京市海淀区城市小学生饮食行为及其与家庭环境因素的关系

了解城市小学生的饮食行为现状及家庭环境因素对饮食行为的影响,为儿童的饮食行为干预提供建议.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,对北京市海淀区4所规模和教育水平中等的小学五年级共507名学生及其家长进行问卷调查.结果 80.3%的儿童蔬菜食用频率达到每周6~7d,水果的食用频率低于蔬菜(67.8%),肉、蛋、奶豆类的食用频率较低(每周食用6~7d的分别占57.5%,45.3%,60.0%,17.3%);部分儿童每周不食用蔬菜水果肉蛋奶豆类食品,其中不食用豆类的儿童最多,达9.9%.多元线性回归分析结果显示,家长的饮食行为(β=0.21)、家长对零食的限制(β=0.21)、家庭亲密程度(β=0.15)、家庭月收入(β=0.13)可促进儿童养成良好饮食行为,家庭零食的储备情况与儿童良好饮食行为养成呈负相关(β=-0.11)(P值均<0.05).结论 城市小学生的饮食行为受多种家庭环境因素的影响,尤其是家庭的饮食环境.可以通过对家长的宣教和引导,规范家庭饮食环境,帮助儿童养成良好的饮食行为.

Dietary behavior of primary school children in Haidian District of Beijing and its relationship with family environment

Objective To understand the status of dietary behaviors among urban primary school children,to explore the relationship with the family environment in order to provide a basis for adopting the intervention measures and reducing the occurrence of child dietary behavior problems.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 507 children of grade 5 randomized selected through dustering method from 4 in primary schools in Haidian district,as well as their parents.Results About80.3%of the surveyed children reported the rate of frequency consumptions of vegetables 6-7 days per week.The frequency of consumption of fruits was lower than that of vegetables(67.8%).The frequency of consumption of meat,eggs,milk and beans was lower(the rate of 6-7 days per week was 57.5%,45.3%,60.0%,17.3%,respectively),and the number of children who did not eat beans was the highest(9.9%).The multiple linear regression revealed that parents’dietary behaviors(β=0.21),parents’restrictions on snacks(β=0.21),family cohesion(β=0.15),and family monthly income(β=0.13)were promoting factors for children’s good dietary behaviors.The stock of snacks was a risk factor for children’s good dietary behaviors(β=-0.11)(P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary behavior of primary school children in urban area was influenced by family environment factors,especially dietary environment in family.Family environment factors could promote children’s dietary behaviors through parental support and modelling.Giving the parents intervention on nutrition and healthy diet,normalizing the family dietary environment are conducive to children’s dietary behaviors.