家庭因素对农村留守儿童饮食行为的影响

分析家庭因素对农村留守儿童饮食行为的影响,为指导留守儿童健康饮食行为养成提供参考.方法 采用横断面设计,在贵州和安徽选取经济发展水平中等的4个县,每个县里随机抽取农村户籍为主的小学各4所共16所,在每所小学五六年级随机抽取3个班2 371名儿童及其主要照料者作为研究对象.采用自行设计问卷,调查蔬菜、水果、肉、蛋、奶、碳酸饮料、快餐等摄入频次,并进行多元线性回归.结果 从饮食摄入频率来看,每周能够摄人≥4次水果、蛋类、奶类的留守儿童分别为44.9%,35.1%,28.5%,非留守儿童分别为57.2%,38.5%,38.1%,差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为39.53,10.45,46.67,P值均<0.05).留守儿童与非留守儿童饮食行为得分差异有统计学意义(t=-5.83,P<0.01).多元线性回归分析发现,家庭亲密度、照料人饮食行为与留守儿童饮食行为呈正相关(β值分别为0.07,0.49,P值均<0.05),父亲单方照料儿童与留守儿童饮食行为呈负相关(β=-1.21,P=0.03).结论 留守儿童的饮食行为与家庭的亲密度、照料人身份和照料人的饮食行为密切相关.

Association between family factors with dietary behaviors of left-behind children in rural China

Objective To find out the association between family factors and left-behind children’s dietary behaviors in rural China.Methods This cross-sectional study was implemented in four counties of medium economic level were selected in Guizhou and Anhui province and four primary schools were chosen in each county and in total 16 schools were involved.Three classes from grades 5 and 6 each were selected randomly from included primary schools;all students in these classes,as well as their caregivers,were invited to participate.Self-designed questionnaire was adopted to collect intake frequencies of vegetable,fruit,meat,egg,milk,drink and fast food.Scores were calculated to evaluate these behaviors frequencies and multi-linear regression was used to explore the association between family factors and behavioral scores.Results The proportion of fruit,eggs and milk intake more than 4 times once a week in left-behind children were 44.9%,35.1%,and 28.5%,while they were 57.2%,38.5%,and38.1%in non-left-behind children.It was found that statistical significant differences existed between scores of dietary behaviors of left-behind children’s and non-left-behind children(t=-5.83,P<0.01).The results of multi-linear regression demonstrated that family cohesion(β=0.07,P=0.05)and caregivers’behaviors(β=0.49,P<0.01)were protective factors for left-behind children’s behaviors,while taking care by single left-behind fathers was a risk factor(β=-1.21,P=0.03).Conclusion Primary caregivers play a critical role in offering guidance to children to help them develop health behaviors.