沈阳市某区儿童湿疹发生情况及影响因素分析

了解儿童湿疹发生情况及影响因素,为有针对性地采取防治措施提供参考依据.方法 2017年5月随机选取沈阳市某区2所小学,对全部学生2 240名进行问卷调查(其中判定儿童是否患过湿疹需要经过医生诊断).结果 既往发生过湿疹的有838人,报告率为37.4%,其中男童为38.7%,女童为36.1%.6~<12月龄是儿童首发湿疹的高峰时期,1岁内发生湿疹的比例达70.1%.以往发生过湿疹的儿童现阶段经常发生感冒的频率明显增高,并且过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、食物过敏的报告率也明显升高.Logistic回归分析显示,母孕期心情不好(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.03~1.69)、父母文化程度越高(OR=1.60,95%CI=1.19~2.16)、父母亲为过敏体质(父亲OR=1.58,95%CI=1.07~2.33;母亲OR=1.41,95%CI=1.02~1.94)、有糖尿病家族史(OR=1.95,95%CI=1.41~2.68)、剖腹产(OR=1.33,95%CI=1.07~1.65)与儿童湿疹发生呈正相关.结论 儿童湿疹发生受母孕期心情和家庭因素、分娩方式的影响,发育早期预防儿童湿疹发生对将来降低其他过敏性疾病发生具有重要现实意义.

Prevalence and influencing factors of eczema among children in a district of Shenyang

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of eczema in children in order provide reference for the prevention and treatment of eczema. Methods Two primary schools in a district of Shenyang were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on 2 240 students in May 2017. Children with eczema need to be diagnosed by a doctor. Results There were 838 cases of eczema with a reported rate of 37.4%,38.7% in boys and 36.1% in girls. The age of 6 to 12 months was the peak period of first eczema in children,and the proportion of eczema within 1 year was up to about 70%. Children who have had eczema in the past were now more likely to catch a cold,and the reported rates of allergic rhinitis,asthma and food allergies were also significantly higher. The Logistic regression analysis showed that the mother was unhappy during pregnancy( OR = 1.32,95%CI = 1.03-1.69),the parents were more educated( OR = 1.60,95%CI = 1.19-2.16),and the parents were allergic( OR = 1.58,95%CI = 1.07-2.33;OR = 1.41,95%CI = 1.02-1.94),family history of diabetes( OR = 1.95,95% CI = 1.41-2.68),and cesarean( OR = 1.33,95%CI = 1.07-1.65) were risk factors of eczema in children. Conclusion The incidence of children eczema is affected by maternal mood during pregnancy,family factors and delivery mode. It is of practical significance to prevent children eczema in early development for reducing the incidence of other allergic diseases in the future.