贵州省不同经济条件地区燃煤型地方性氟中毒健康教育效果观察

目的观察贵州省不同经济条件地区燃煤型地方性氟中毒(简称燃煤型地氟病)健康教育的效果。方法按照分层整群随机抽样的方法,在燃煤型地氟病流行区分别抽取经济条件好、中等、差的村各1个,开展为期1年的健康教育干预。干预前后分别在每个村单纯随机抽取30户家庭调查燃煤型地氟病知识的知晓情况、家庭炉灶使用情况及粮食干燥、淘洗等相关行为生活情况。结果家庭户主的地氟病知晓率分别为83.6%,较干预前的38.0%有明显提高;农户家庭炉灶正确使用率为由干预前的48.8%提高到85.8%;玉米正确干燥率由干预前的16.6%提高到86.0%,玉米食用前淘洗率也由干预前的34.5%提高至98.0%,差异均有统计学意义。结论健康教育干预1年后,目标人群及家庭的认知和行为得到明显转变,全部干预指标均达到预期效果。针对各村所采取的健康教育措施适合自身实际,效果显著,可供其他同类病区参考。

Effect Evaluation on Health Education Program of Coal-burning Endemic Fluorosis in Different Economic Regions of Guizhou Province

Objective To observe the effect of a health education program of coal-burning endemic fluorosis(CBEF) in different economic regions in Guizhou Provine.Methods By stratified cluster sampling,one economically rich,one medium and one poor village were selected in coal-burning endemic fluorosis regions.The one-year health education program was carried out on preventing CBEF.Before and after intervention,30 households in each village were selected randomly to investigate their knowledge on the prevention of CBEF and their behavior change on cook stove using,corn drying,and washing corn before cooking.Results Villagers’ knowledge rate of CBEF increased from 38.0% to 83.6%;the correct using rate of cooking stove increased from 48.8% to 85.6%;the rate of drying corn correctly and washing corn before cooking increased from 16.6% and 34.5% to 86.0% and 98.0% respectively.There was a significant difference for all the above indicators after health education intervention.Conclusions After one year intervention,health knowledge and behaviors about CBEF prevention were changed among the target population and their households,and the program had achieved its objectives.The health education strategies focused on different villages could be extended to other CBEF areas in Guizhou Province.