基于专利视角的我国高等医学院校科技创新能力分析

目的：分析29所高等独立医学院校的专利,研究医学院校科技创新能力现状。方法：利用专利计量学方法分析专利数量、被引频次、专利存活、专利转化以及核心技术领域。结果：专利年度申请量上升速度明显加快,高等医学院校专利发展处于成长期。高被引专利共182件,8所院校专利平均被引频次在1次以上。多数院校专利的5年存活率较高,但专利10年存活率较低。核心技术领域“IPC主分类大组”为A61K36、A61K31、C12Q1、C12N15,4类专利方向的优势院校各不相同。结论：我国高等医学院校科技创新势头良好,但存在不平衡、不充分的问题。从专利发展上看,高被引专利分布较为集中,院校专利应注重发展特色。医学院校专利转化情况不佳,应从专利申请开始严格把关。专利存活率低,应重视专利的维护与运营。

Scientific and technological innovation competence of medical colleges and universities in our country in perspective of patents

Objective To study the scientific and technological innovation competence of 29 medical colleges and universities by analyzing the application and authorization of their patents. Methods The number of patents, citation frequency of patents, valid term of patents, transformation of patents, and core field of patents were analyzed by core patents analysis. Results The number of annual patent applications in medical colleges and universities was significantly increased, which indicates that the development of patents is in a growing stage in medical colleges and universities. One hundred and eighty-two patents were highly-cited. The average citation frequency of patents was >1 in 8 medical colleges and universities. The 5-year valid term of patents was longer than the 10-year valid term of patents in most of the 29 medical colleges and universities. The "IPC main classification group" of core technology field was A61K36, A61K31, C12Q1 and C12N15 respectively. The advantages of A61K36, A61K31, C12Q1 and C12N15 were different in different medical colleges and universities. Conclusion The situation of scientific and technological innovation is good in medical colleges and universities of our country. However, certain problems are needed to be solved, such as imbalanced and insufficient development of patents. The distribution of highly-cited patents is centralized and importance should thus be attached to the characteristic development of patents in medical colleges and universities. The situation of patents transformation is not so good in medical colleges and universities and the application of patents should thus be strictly controlled from the very beginning. The valid term of patents is short and attention should thus be paid to the maintenance and operation of patents.