骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞的分化及其在细胞移植中的应用☆

学术背景：骨髓间充质干细胞主要存在于骨髓基质中,具有横向分化潜能,在适当的条件下可以向3个胚层的细胞进行分化。 目的：文章就骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性、神经元诱导分化及其机制、细胞移植方面的最新进展进行综述。 检索策略：应用计算机检索PubMed1999/2007年相关文章,检索词为“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells”,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1999/2007年相关文章,检索词为“骨髓间充质干细胞”,并限定文章语言种类为中文。对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文章后的引文。纳入标准：文章所述内容与骨髓间充质干细胞的发展现状及神经元诱导分化及机制和移植研究相关。排除标准：重复研究或较陈旧的文献。 文献评价：共收集到230篇相关文献,72篇文献符合纳入标准,排除的158篇文献为内容陈旧或重复文献。选取29篇文献进行分析,分别涉及骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和鉴定8篇、神经元细胞方向分化及其机制17篇、细胞移植治疗各种神经损伤的实验研究4篇。 资料综合：由于尚未找到骨髓间充质干细胞特异性标记物,其在体内的细胞生物学和分子生物学作用机制仍不清楚,如何限定体内外诱导条件使其向所需细胞或组织定向分化以及移植时机、是否具有致瘤性等问题尚需深入研究。但近来在骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞方向分化的诱导方法和机制,以及骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗神经损伤方面取得很多成果。 结论：骨髓间充质干细胞具有易获得、易培养、低免疫原性等特性,已成为具有细胞治疗和基因治疗临床疾病潜在实用价值的有效载体。

Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neuron like cells and the application in cell transplantation

BACKGRIUND:Mesenchymal stem cells exist in bone marrow stroma and can differentiate into three blastodermic type cells. OBJECTIVE:In this paper the lasted progress in the biological characteristics and the mechanism of inducing the mesenchymal stem cells differentiation to neuron-like cells and the cells transplantation in recent years were reviewed. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: A computer-based online search of PUBMED was undertaken to identify the relevant article published between 1999 and 2007 with the key words of "bone mesenchymal stem cells" in English. Meanwhile, the relevant articles published from 1999 to 2007 were searched in China Journal Full-text Database with the same key words in Chinese. The literatures were selected primary and the citation of each article was looked up. Inclusive criteria: articles related to the present development of mesenchymal stem cells and the mechanism of inducing the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to neural-like cells and the cells transplantation were included. Exclusive criteria: Obsolescent literatures or repetitive studies were excluded. LITERATURE EVALUATION:Among 230 collected articles, 72 were selected according to the inclusive criteria, and 158 old or repetitive ones were eliminated. Finally, 29 articles were analyzed involving the isolation, culture, identification (8 articles), mechanism and differentiation (17 articles) and transplantation (4 articles) of mesenchymal stem cells. DATA SYNTHESIS:At present, the cytobiological and molecular mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells are still uncertain, because of lacking of specific markers of mesenchymal stem cells, and many problems such as how to induce the mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into needed cells or tissues, the transplantation and oncogenicity still need further investigation. Recently, many results have been achieved such as the induced methods of mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into neuron-like cells and its mechanisms and the mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to cure nerve injury. CONCLUSION:Mesenchymal stem cells are easily to obtain and cultivate with hypo-immunogenicity. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells have been generally applied in cell therapy and gene therapy for clinical diseases as an ideal vector.