42例原发性胆汁性肝硬化临床分析

目的:分析原发性胆汁性肝硬化(primary biliary cirrhosis,PBC)的临床特征,旨在提高对该病的诊治水平.方法:对临床/病理诊断PBC的42例住院患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结抗线粒体抗体(anti mitochondrial antibody,AMA)阴性患者及合并干燥综合征(Sj(o)gren syndrome,SS)患者的临床、生化和免疫学特征.结果:本组患者中女性占78.6%(33/42),确诊时的平均年龄(61.1±10.8)岁,最常见的临床症状为乏力(76.2%,32/42).患者血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-glutamyltranspeptidase,γ-GT)及总胆汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)明显升高,转氨酶轻中度升高(73.8%,31/42),血清总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)升高.TBil、凝血酶原时间与病程呈正相关(P=0.000,r=0.696;P=0.005,r=0.424);血清白蛋白水平与病程呈负相关(P=0.002,r=-0.462).88.1%(37/42)患者血清IgM升高,81%(34/42)患者AMA/AMA-M2阳性.AMA阴性患者血清IgA、IgM水平低于AMA阳性者,血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TCho)水平高于AMA阳性者.15例PBC患者合并SS,和未合并SS的PBC患者比较,生化及免疫学等多方面检查差异皆无统计学意义.结论:PBC主要累及中老年女性,血清ALP、γ-GT及TBA水平升高及AMA/AMA-M2阳性有助于诊断本病.AMA阴性PBC患者除血清IgA和IgM较低及血清TCho水平较高外,其他临床特征和AMA阳性者相似;合并SS的PBC患者临床特征和无SS的PBC者相似.

Clinical analysis of primary biliary cirrhosis: a report of 42 cases

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in order to facilitate cognition of the disease. METHODS: Clinical data of 42 patients clinically and/or histologically diagnosed with PBC were reviewed. Anti mitochondrial antibody (AMA) negative/positive patients as well as the patients who were/were not associated with Sjogren Syndrome (SS) were compared in terms of clinical, biochemical and immunological features. RESULTS: Among the 42 patients, 78.6% (33/42) of the cases were females; the mean age at diagnosis was (61.1+/-10.8) years. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) and total bile acid (TBA) levels were markedly elevated in the majority of the patients, whereas ALT and AST levels were mildly to moderately elevated. Thirty-one patients had a total bilirubin (TBil) level above normal. The levels of TBil and prothrombin time had positive correlationship with years of the course (P=0.000, r=0.696; P=0.005, r=0.424), whereas serum albumin level had negative correlationship with years of the course (P=0.002, r=-0.462). Thirty-seven patients had elevated serum IgM and 34 patients were AMA/AMA-M(2) positive. AMA negative and AMA positive patients were similar in terms of clinical manifestations and liver biochemistries findings. Serum IgM and IgA levels were significantly lower, whereas total cholesterol level was higher in AMA negative patients when compared with AMA positive cases. Fifteen cases were associated with SS, which were similar in terms of clinical, biochemical and immunological features when compared with the PBC patients were not associated with SS. CONCLUSION: PBC is mostly found in middle aged and old women. Elevated serum ALP, TBA and gamma-GT levels together with positive AMA/AMA-M(2) can help to diagnose PBC. AMA negative PBC patients are characterized by relatively lower serum IgM and IgA levels and higher total cholesterol level. PBC patients who are associated with SS have not substantial differences in the clinical, biochemical and immunological spectra of the disease.