小腿骨筋膜室断层解剖与超声显像的对比研究

目的　探讨超声对小腿骨筋膜室显像的可行性及方法 ,为超声应用于小腿骨筋膜室综合征 (OCS)的诊断提供形态学基础。方法　制作并观察 5例不同年龄小腿中 1/ 2位置断层解剖标本 ;对 30例不同年龄小腿进行超声检查 ;将声像图与解剖断面进行比较 ,重点观察骨筋膜室位置、边界及构成。结果　小腿断层解剖标本中 ,前室、外侧室、后深室及后浅室清晰可辨 ;超声声像图所反映的解剖结构和关系与断面解剖标本一致 ;骨间膜、前间隔、后间隔和肌间筋膜是各骨筋膜室的分界标志 ,胫前、胫后动脉和胫骨外缘、腓骨前后缘是重要定位标志。结论　超声显像能清晰显示小腿骨筋膜室解剖结构 ,可运用于小腿 OCS的诊断。

Contrast Study of Tomograpic Anatomy and Ultrasonography in Crural Osteofascial Compartment Syndrome

Objective To explore the methods and feasibility of ultrasonography for clinical application of crural osteofascial compartment syndrome(OCS).Methods The middle-half transverse sections of crura in 5 cadavers and 30 cases of normal crura were observed with ultrasonography,and compared with the tomographic anatomy,emphasized on the location,the boundary and the construction of crural osteofascia.Results The crural osteofascial compartments(OC)in cadavers were distinguished and the ultrasonographic images of the OCS were identical with those of the tomography.The interosseous membrane,the anterior crural intermuscular septum,the posterior crural intermuscular septum and intermuscular membrane were the demarkation of every OC.The anterior tibial artery,the posterior tibial artery,the tibia lateral border,the fibula anterior and posterior borders were important markers of localization.Conclusions Ultrasonography is a good method for showing structures of COS osteofascials,and can be applied in OCS.