How Does High-Functioning Autism (HFA) Relate to Addictive Behaviors? A Case Illustration of Two Chinese Adults in Hong Kong

High-functioning autism (HFA) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by normal intellectual functioning but significant social communication impairments as well as rigid thoughts and behaviors. On the surface, HFA seems to bear no relation to addiction, but studies have increasingly shown that the two conditions share similarities. The present study explored the commonalities between HFA and addiction in Chinese adults in Hong Kong in a neurobiological and psychosocial framework. A case study design was used to study two clinical cases of Chinese adult males in Hong Kong (aged 33 and 41). Both had a formal diagnosis of HFA and co-occurring excessive behaviors. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and case records. Content analysis was used. The present findings suggest that HFA and addiction may have genetic overlaps and shared sensory processing difficulties. The neurobiological basis of sensory processing difficulties has been documented in previous research. Repetitive behavioral patterns, emotional dysregulation, social deficits, and isolation were common risk factors of the two conditions. The present study also suggested that excessive behavioral patterns might change according to different developmental needs. The present findings support previous research on the neurobiological and psychosocial similarities between HFA and addiction. The limitations of the present study and implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.