河北省沧县2006-2007年麻疹流行病学调查与预防对策

目的了解河北省沧县麻疹的流行规律和流行现状，为制定预防对策提供科学依据。方法对2006-2007年沧县86例麻疹病例进行流行病学分析。结果该县2年内报告麻疹86例，总发病率12．92／10万，年平均发病率为6．46／10万。2007年比2006年发病上升了9．76％，2年内无报告死亡病例，无暴发流行。2年内发病呈明显季节性，以冬春季3—6月和12月为主，占83．72％。年龄以1岁以内和15～30岁为主，占60．47％。在地区分布上，以散居儿童、幼托儿童、学生、农民为主，占91．86％。结论沧县麻疹发病率有明显上升的趋势，呈波浪式散在发生，无暴发流行。发病年龄呈双向移位。因此，在做好基础免疫接种的同时，应加大1岁以内和大年龄组的麻疹监测和免疫接种、复种、补种工作，以提高整个人群的麻疹免疫抗体水平，降低麻疹发病率。

Epidemiological Investigation and Prevention Measures of Measles in Cangxian County during 2006-2007

Objective] To study the epidemic patterns and status of measles in Cangxian county, provide the scientific basis for making preventive measures. Methods] 86 measles cases in Cangxian county during 2006m2007 were analyzed by epidemiology. Results] 86 measles cases were reported during 2 years with total incidence rate of 12.92/lakh and average annual incidence rate of 6.46/lakh. The incidence rate of 2007 increased 9.76% than that of 2006. There was no dead case and outbreak. The incidence of measles was obviously seasonally distributed with the peak period of spring （ March to June ） and winter （ December ） which accounted for 83.72%. The majority of the patients were aged 15, - 30 years and within 12 months, which accounted for 60.47%. The regional distribution showed that measles cases mainly occurred in scattered children, kindergarten kids, students and peasants which took up 91.86%. Conclusion] The incidence rate of measles in Cangxian county increased distinctly, the cases occurred dispersedly with wavy curvy, and there was no outbreak. The distribution of age showed two-way transfer, i.e. high incidence rate happened both at age 15 - 30 and age within 12 months. Therefore, besides the conventional vaccination, supervision of measles, revaccination and vaccinate remedy in two groups should be enhanced to strengthen the measles immunity level and reduce the incidence rate of measles.