北京、南京两地未成年人暴力犯罪的危险因素探讨

目的 探讨未成年人暴力犯罪的危险因素。方法 采用群体案例一对照研究的方法，对北京、南京两地少管所因暴力犯罪的未成年人及其家庭进行问卷调查，按等比例设对照组。以社会-心理因素和生物-医学因素为指导，采用列联表(Crosstabs)的分析方法，探讨诸多因素对未成年人犯罪影响作用的大小。结果 在列联表97项犯罪危险因素分析中，北京、南京两地共有的具有统计学危险因素有48项，如家庭收入较低，父母在语言上侮辱孩子，经常采用体罚，孩子间发生冲突时，家长处理方法不当，经常旷课、逃学，与人发生争执时常用打人的方法解决问题，平时佩带刀子等凶器，经常看暴力黑社会的录像、小说，看黄色电视、录像、小说等。结论 具有统计学意义的危险因素中有属于社会-心理方面的，也有属于生物-医学方面的。在研究未成年人犯罪及提出预防和干预措施时，应进行综合考虑。

A Study of the Risk Factors of the Force Crimes among the Minority in Beijing and Nanjing

Objective: To investigate the danger factors of force crime in the minor. Method: A case control group study was performed by questionnairing the juvenile criminals in the Beijing and Nanjing Juvenile Disciplinary Homes and their families. Using the social psychic and bio medical factors as guide, the effects of various factors on the minor criminals were studied by crosstabe analysis. Results: Of the 97 items of crime danger factors in the crosstabes, 48 items and statistically significant both in Beijing and Nanjing, for example: low family income, low education level of the parents, smoking parents, the mother in bad living conditions during gestation, always in passive smoking during gestation, guardian using insulting language, frequent coroporal punishments, guardian's improper handling of conflicts between children, frequently cut school and plays truant, always setting quarrels by scuffles, usually wearing lethal tools such as knife, always watching force crime tapes, fictions watching pornographic TV, tapes, fictions and so on. Conclusion: Of the statistically significant factors, belongs to social psychic, some the bio medical. In studying juvenile crimes and proposing preventive and interfering measures, comprehensive consideration is essential.