经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定融合术治疗上颈椎疾患

目的探讨经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定融合术治疗上颈椎疾患的可行性、方法、疗效和适应证。方法2004年10月～2006年1月,采用后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定融合术治疗17例上颈椎疾患患者。男13例,女4例;年龄19～52岁。寰枢椎脱位14例,其中先天性齿状突不连3例,陈旧齿状突骨折4例,新鲜齿状突骨折（C型）2例,寰椎横韧带断裂3例,寰椎骨折2例;枢椎肿瘤2例;C2、3巨大神经鞘膜瘤1例。术前JOA评分8.3±3.0分。结果17例手术时间2.1～3.4h,平均2.7h;出血量300～750ml,平均490ml。术中未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤。1枚寰椎椎弓根螺钉前端穿透侧块内上皮质约3mm,但未影响寰枕关节活动,余位置满意。患者全部获3～18个月定期随访。螺钉位置良好,无钉棒断裂、变形及松动,3～6个月后患者均获植骨融合。术后3个月JOA评分14.6±2.2分,恢复率73%～91%,平均82%。结论经后路寰椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定融合术治疗上颈椎疾患具有可行性,若术中操作得当,其疗效较好,适应证较广。

APPLICATION OF ATLAS PEDICLE SCREW SYSTEM FIXATION AND FUSION FOR TREATMENT OF UPPER CERVICAL DISEASES

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibilities, methods, outcomes and indications of atlas pedicle screw system fixation and fusion for the treatment of upper cervical diseases. METHODS: From October 2004 to January 2006, 17 patients with upper cervical diseases were treated with atlas pedicle screw system fixation and fusion. There were 13 males and 4 females, ageing 19 to 52 years. Of 17 cases, there were 14 cases of atlantoaxial dislocation (including 3 cases of congenital odontoid disconnection,4 cases of old odontoid fracture, 2 cases of new odontoid fracture (type II C), 3 cases of rupture of the transverse ligament, and 2 cases of atlas fracture; 2 cases of tumor of C2; 1 case of giant neurilemoma of C2.3 with instability after the resection of tumors. JOA score before operation was 8.3+/-3.0. RESULTS: The mean operative time and bleeding amount were 2.7 hours (2.1-3.4 hours) and 490 ml (300-750 ml) respectively. No injuries to the vertebral artery and spinal cord were observed. The medial-superior cortex of lateral mass was penetrated by 1 C1 screw approximately 3 mm without affecting occipito-atlantal motions. All patients were followed up 3-18 months. The clinical symptoms were improved in some extents and the screws were verified to be in a proper position, no breakage or loosening of screw and rob occurred. All patients achieved a solid bone fusion after 3-6 months. JOA score 3 months after operation was 14.6+/-2.2. JOA improvement rates were 73%-91% (mean 82%). CONCLUSION: The atlas pedicle screw system fixation and fusion is feasible for the treatment of upper cervical diseases and has better outcomes, wider indications if conducted properly.