静脉输液渗出的发生率调查与分析

目的:了解静脉治疗过程中液体渗出的状况及相关因素,查找影响渗出的因素。方法:使用美国静脉输液护理学会(Infusion Nurses Society,INS)渗出分级的标准作为渗出评价标准,通过横断面调查2009年12月10日某院收治的1312名住院患者的液体渗出状况。结果:调查当日有30名患者共32人次发生药液渗出,年龄≤10岁和≥50岁的患者发生药液渗出比例较高;患者渗出部位均发生于外周静脉,其中使用头皮钢针穿刺输液导致的药液渗出比例大于外周留置针;达到2级以上渗出才被发现的占81.2%;外周静脉输液过程的任何时间均可发生药液渗出;87.5%的渗出患者有家属或护工陪伴。结论:年龄≤10岁和≥50岁的输液患者群体应给予特别关注;陪护人员不能替代护士观察输液过程,并需强化陪护人员输液知识教育;尽量避免使用头皮钢针作为外周静脉输液穿刺工具,输液全程应严密观察穿刺局部情况。

The survey and analysis on the prevalence of transfusion extravasations

Objective： To explore the conditions and related factors of liquid extravasations in the progress of infusion therapy,and find out the factors of liquid extravasations.Methods： Totally 1312 patients were recruited for the investigation of infusion therapy in a hospital on December 10th 2009 by the method of cross-sectional survey,the extravasations classification standard of Infusion Nurses Society were used.Results： In that day,total 32 cases with 30 patients occurred liquid extravasations,the age group of younger than 10 years and older than 50 years had higher proportion in transfusion extravasations （P 0.05）;the site of liquid extravasations were totally occurred in peripheral intravenous;the percentage of liquid extravasations of scalp steel needle were greater than the peripheral intravenous catheter （P 0.05）;81.2% patients were discovered when the liquid extravasations above 2 level （P 0.01）;the liquid extravasations resulting from peripheral intravenous infusion could occur at any time （P 0.05）;87.5% patients with infusion extravasations were accompanied by family member or care worker （P 0.01）.Conclusion： More attention should be paid to the patients who are younger than 10 years and older than 50 years;care worker can not replace nurse to observe the problem of the transfusion extravasations,whose transfusion knowledge need to be strengthened.Nurse should avoid using scalp steel needle as peripheral intravenous infusion,the local conditions should be closely observed during the whole process of infusion.