肺结核患者结核病预防传播知识的认知现状调查

目的：了解肺结核患者结核病预防传播知识的认知水平。方法：自行设计调查问卷,采用便利抽样方法,对北京市某传染病医院住院前3日的肺结核患者100例进行调查。结果：预防结核病传播知识总得分为（54.41±8.56）分,知识得分≤57分的占61.0%,结核病患者对预防结核病传播的知识认知现状处于中等偏下水平;易感人群维度得分最低（1.87±1.07）,预防结核病传播措施维度得分其次（3.22±0.57）;各维度得分最低的条目分别为：HIV/AIDS与结核病（1.24±1.86）,结核病人应配戴哪种口罩（1.32±1.89）,密闭环境下结核菌的传播（2.20±2.00）,结核病的早期症状（2.72±0.74）。不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同患病时间患者知识得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：肺结核患者预防结核病传播知识的认知处于中等偏低水平,其中不同年龄、文化程度及患病时间的患者对传播知识的掌握有差异性。提示医务人员应根据患者的不同情况,有针对性地对结核病的传播知识及预防传播措施进行宣传教育,从而提高肺结核患者对预防结核病传播知识的认知水平,自觉采取良好的卫生行为,减少结核病在人群中的传播。

Investigation on TB prevention knowledge among pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Objective： To understand the level of tuberculosis prevention knowledge among tuberculosis patients. Methods：Byusingconveniencesamplingmethod,thequestionnairesweresentto100pulmonarytuberculosispatientsinthefirst3daysof their hospitalization in an infectious disease hospital in Beijing. Results： The total score of tuberculosis prevention knowledge was （54.41 ± 8.56）. Patients whose score were ≤ 57 accounted for 61.0%, so their general knowledge about tuberculosis transmission prevention was at a lower level. Knowledge in susceptible population dimensions got the lowest score （1.87±1.07）. Knowledge in the tuberculosis transmission prevention measures dimension got the next to the lowest score （3.22±0.57）. Items with the lowest scores were： HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis （1.24±1.86）; which kind of mask should TB patients wear （1.32±1.89）, the spread of TB in a closed environment （2.20±2.00）; early symptoms of TB （2.72 ± 0.74）. There were statistical significances of the scores in patients with different age, education level and duration of disease （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Pulmonary tuberculosis patients＇ knowledge of tuberculosis transmission prevention was at a low level. Their levels of knowledge differ in age, education level and duration of disease. Health care professionals should carry out health education in the spread of tuberculosis and prevention measures according to the patient＇s needs, so as to improve the patients＇ level of tuberculosis prevention knowledge and develop their good hygienic practices, then reduce the spread of tuberculosis in the population.