百色市0～6岁儿童铅中毒调查分析

目的:了解百色市0～6岁儿童血铅水平及铅中毒流行情况,为儿童的铅防治提供科学指导。方法:自2008年1月～2010年12月对百色市妇幼保健院儿童保健科及百色市城区幼儿园1 544例0～6岁儿童采用原子吸收光谱仪进行末梢血铅测定,观察儿童血铅水平及铅中毒检出率,同时对不同性别及不同年龄组儿童的血铅水平进行比较。结果:1 544例儿童末梢血铅浓度呈正态分布,血铅水平0μg/L～304μg/L,平均(59.3±23.5)μg/L;其中1 433例儿童血铅在正常范围内,其余111例血铅均超过正常范围。男童组与女童组血铅水平无统计学差异,983例男童中,62例铅中毒,561例女童中,49例铅中毒。0～1岁,1～2岁,2～3岁,血铅水平及铅中毒检出率呈逐渐增高趋势,3～4岁,4～5岁血铅水平有所下降,5～6岁血铅水平又再次回升。结论:百色市0～6岁儿童铅中毒发生率较高,应引起儿童家长、老师及社区的高度重视,并结合多方面的力量,尽量避免铅中毒的各种危险因素,为儿童铅中毒的防治提供保障,促进儿童健康成长。

Investigation and analysis on lead poisoning in 0 - 6 - year - old children in Baise city

Objective: To understand the blood lead levels of 0-6-year-old children and the prevalence of lead poisoning in Baise city,and provide a scientific guidance for prevention and treatment of lead poisoning in children.Methods: The blood lead levels in peripheral blood of 1 544 children aged 0-6 years old from child health care department of the hospital and kindergartens in rural areas and urban areas of Baise city from January 2008 to December 2010 were measured by atomic absorption spectrometer,the blood lead levels and detection rate of lead poisoning in children were observed,the blood lead levels in children with different genders and in different age groups were compared.Results: The blood lead concentrations of 1 544 children showed a normal distribution,the range of blood levels was 0-304 μg/L,(59.3 ±23.5) μg/L on average;the blood lead levels of 1 443 children were within normal range,and the blood lead levels of the other 111 children were more than normal range.There was no statistically significant difference in the blood lead levels between boys and girls;among 983 boys,62 boys were found with lead poisoning;among 561 girls,49 girls were found with lead poisoning.The blood lead levels and detection rates of lead poisoning in 0-1-year-old group,1-2-year-old group,and 2-3-year-old group increased gradually,showing an increasing trend;the blood lead levels in 3-4-year-old group and 4-5-year-old group decreased,while in 5-6 year-old group,the blood lead levels increased again.Conclusion: The incidence of lead poisoning in 0-6year-old children in Baise city is high,which needs more attention from the parents,teachers,and community,the powers from multiaspects should be combined to avoid the risk factors of lead poisoning,provide guarantee for prevention and treatment of lead poisoning in children,and promote healthy growth of children.