妊娠期糖尿病孕妇饮食干预与围产结局相关性分析

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病孕妇进行饮食干预与围产结局的相关性。方法:将113例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇随机分为控制饮食组56例和常规饮食组57例,控制饮食组根据孕妇个体营养需求制定饮食方案,常规饮食组给予生活指导意见,记录整个孕期体重增长、妊娠初期体重及身高和妊娠末期体重、孕产妇在整个孕期的情况及围产儿并发症的发病情况。结果:在整个孕期控制饮食组体重指数增长>6发生率与常规饮食组相比明显较少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);妊娠期高血压疾病、羊水过多及胎儿窘迫的发生率明显低于常规饮食组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胎儿生长受限(FGR)、巨大儿及新生儿窒息的发生率低于常规饮食组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠期糖尿病患者合理控制整个孕期饮食及体重增长幅度可以有效地降低不良围产结局的发生率。

Analysis on correlation between dietary intervention for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal outcome

Objective:To explore the correlation between dietary intervention for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and perinatal outcome.Methods:A total of 113 pregnant women with GDM were randomly divided into dietary control group(56 cases) and routine diet group(57 cases),the pregnant women in dietary control group adopted dietary plan designed according to individual nutritional requirement,while the pregnant women in routine diet group received living guidance and advices;body weight gain during pregnancy,body weight during the first trimester of pregnancy,body weight during the third trimester of pregnancy,conditions of pregnant women during the whole gestational period,and the morbidities of perinatal complications were recorded.Results:The incidence of BMI growth>6 during the whole gestational period in dietary control group was statistically significantly lower than that in routine diet group(P<0.05).The incidences of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP),polyhydramnios,and fetal distress in dietary control group were statistically significantly lower than those in routine diet group(P<0.05).The incidences of fetal growth restriction(FGR),macrosomia,and neonatal asphyxia in dietary control group were statistically significantly lower than those in routine diet group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Controlling gestational diet and increasing amplitude of body weight can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse perinatal outcome for patients with GDM.