大学生考试焦虑相关影响因素的路径分析

目的 探讨大学生社会支持、应对和个性对考试焦虑发生的作用大小和途径.方法 应用Sarason考试焦虑量表(TAS)、特质应对问卷、社会支持量表和艾森克人格问卷对552名大学生进行调查,并采用相关、回归和路径分析探讨各影响因素与考试焦虑的相关性及其对焦虑的作用大小和途径.结果 TAS得分在12～20分之间的占15.59%,分数大于20分的占7.78%;考试焦虑与社会支持总分、积极应对、及个性的外倾性成极显著或显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.309,-0.269,-0.272,焦虑和消极应对、精神质、神经质成极显著或显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.144,0.275,0.298;多元逐步回归分析发现,影响考试焦虑的因素为神经质、外倾性、积极应对、社会支持总分;路径分析显示社会支持、积极应对、精神质、内外向和神经质均对考试焦虑的发生具有显著的直接作用,路径系数分别为-0.247,-0.278,0.194,-0.213,0.326,个性、应对又可以通过间接途径对焦虑的发生产生作用,社会支持既缓冲了个性、应对对焦虑发生的作用,同时对焦虑也有一定的直接缓解作用,路径系数为-0.247.结论 大学生考试焦虑的发生受多因素直接和间接的影响,应从多途径多环节进行预防和干预.

The path analysis of influential factor related to test anxiety among undergraduate students

Objective To explore the relation between personality,coping style and social support and the effects and paths to test anxiety.Methods Test Anxiety Scale(TAS),Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ),social support questionnaire and EPQ were applied to 552 undergraduate students.All data were analyzed by Pearson correlation,regression and path analysis.Results The students whose score of TAS from 12 to 20 were 15.59%,above 20 were 7.78%.There was significant negative correlation between test anxiety and so cial support(r=-0.309),positive coping(r=-0.269)and extraversion(r=-0.272),there was significant positive correlation between test anxiety and negative coping(r=0.144),psychoticism(r=0.275)and neuroticism(r=0.298).Stepwise regression analysis appeared that test anxiety correlated with the neuroticism,extraversion,positive coping and social support.The path analysis showed that factors direct affected the scores of anxiety were social support,positive coping,psychoticism,extraversion and neuroticism,the path's coefficient was -0.247,-0.278,0.194,-0.213 and 0.326,respectively.Personality and coping style could influence the anxiety scores by indirect paths.Social support could also influence the anxiety scores directly or indirectly and relieve the effects of other factors such as personality and coping style.Conclusions The occurrence of test anxiety was influenced by multiple factors by direct and indirect paths,and should take varies measures to prevent and intervene test anxiety.