海藻糖和蛋黄在人类精子冻于保存中的保护作用

人类精子冻干保存中损伤除了来自环境溶液对精子生理活性的损伤外，还会来自于冷冻和干燥过程。目前精子冻干保存中保护剂选取基本上都从生理化学角度考虑，目的为抑制精子内酶活性，没有考虑对冷冻和干燥损伤的抑制。大量文献表明蛋黄能减小冷冻对精子的损伤，而二糖（特别是海藻糖）在细胞干燥中具有特殊保护作用。本研究在前人一般使用的精子冻干保护剂中加入海藻糖，或同时加入海藻糖和蛋黄，通过伊红Y染色、低渗膨胀和电镜显微观测实验，比较不同组成的保护剂对精子结构和膜的保护作用。结果表明，通过加入海藻糖修正的保护剂能提高对精子结构的保护效果，当同时加入海藻糖和蛋黄时效果更好。

The Protective Function of Trehalose and Egg Yolk in the Freeze Drying of Human Spermatozoa

The injury to the freeze-dried human spermatozoa is not only caused by the influence of preservation media to the physiological function,but also by the freezing and drying process.So far the selection of freeze-drying protective agents of sperm has focused on the view of physiological chemistry,aiming at restraining the enzyme activation in sperm.But the injury from freezing and drying was omitted.Many studies have showed that egg yolk could alleviate the freezing injury,and disaccharides(especially for trehalose) could offer special protection to cells during drying.In this work,trehalose was added to the freeze-drying protective agents that were commonly used by others,or trehalose and egg yolk were added together.According to the experimental results of Eosin Y staining,hypoosmotic swelling test and observation by microscopy,the protective functions of these media to the structure and membrane of the sperm were compared.The results implied that the media modified by trehalose could improve the protection to sperm,and the media supplemented with trehalose and egg yolk was the best.