妊娠期及产褥期静脉血栓栓塞16例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠期和产褥期静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolism,VTE)的高危因素、病因、诊断、治疗和预防. 方法 对1992年1月至2011年4月间本院收治的16例妊娠期及产褥期VTE患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.采用病例对照研究方法,配对t检验比较VTE患者(病例组)发生VTE前与正常孕妇(对照组)血常规及凝血功能的差异. 结果 收治的16例VTE患者经彩色多普勒超声或CT肺动脉造影确诊,5例(31.2％)发生于妊娠期,11例(68.8％)发生于产褥期；2例(12.5％)继发肺血栓栓塞；≥35岁者6例(37.5％)；有妊娠合并症或并发症者12例(75.0％).病例组发病前红细胞压积为0.29±0.06,低于对照组(0.39±0.02),差异有统计学意义(t=4.56,P=0.01),但组间凝血功能的差异无统计学意义.经抗凝、手术及对症支持等治疗,15例VTE患者恢复良好出院,1例继发肺血栓栓塞患者因合并风湿性心脏病,在抗凝治疗后仍持续性休克,放置下腔静脉滤网后行溶栓治疗,但出现持续呼吸道出血,抢救无效死亡. 结论 产褥期较妊娠期更易发生VTE,筛查VTE的实验室指标仍需进一步研究,抗凝是VTE的首选治疗方法.对有VTE高危因素的孕产妇应积极预防、早期诊治,以减少并发症及远期后遗症的发生.

Clinical analysis of 16 cases of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and puerperium

Objective To investigate the high risk factors,etiology,diagnosis,treatment and precaution of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy and puerperium. Methods Data of 16 cases of VTE admitted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1992 to April 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.The differences of blood routine test and coagulation function between VTE patients (study group) and normal pregnant women (control group) were compared by paired t test in this case-control study. Results All patients were diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound or CT pulmonary artery angiography.Five cases (31.2 ％) occurred before delivery and 11 (68.8 ％) occurred during postpartum.Two cases (12.5 ％)complicated by pulmonary thromboembolism,and one of them died.Six cases (37.5％) were older than or equal to 35 years old,and 12 cases (75.0％) had gestational complications.The hematocrit in study group were lower than that in control group (0.29±0.06 vs 0.39±0.02,t=4.56,P=0.01).There was no statistical difference between the coagulation function of the two groups.After anticoagulant therapy or surgery,15 cases recovered.One pulmonary thromboembolism patients complicated with rheumatic cardiac disease remained shock after anti-coagulants was administered,then died of hemorrhage of respiratory tract after inferior vena cava filter placement. Conclusions VTE is likcly to happen in puerperium than in pregnancy.There are no good screening indicators for thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium.Anticoagulation is recommended to be the first line therapy.For women with high risk of thromboembolism,it is suggested to prevent actively and treat early to decrease the complications and long-term sequelea.