两种辅助通气方式早期应用于早产极低出生体重儿的临床效果比较

目的 比较鼻塞持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP)与气管插管接呼吸机通气在早产极低出生体重儿生后早期应用的临床效果. 方法 选择生后60 min内出现呼吸窘迫症状的早产极低出生体重儿共123例纳入本前瞻性随机对照研究,nCPAP组63例,气管插管接呼吸机通气组(对照组)60例.采用卡方检验和t检验比较2组患儿支气管肺发育不良发生率、病死率、用氧、辅助通气使用和临床并发症情况. 结果 nCPAP组与对照组比较,支气管肺发育不良发生率4.8％(3/63)与3.3％(2/60)]和病死率7.9％(5/63)与6.6％(4/60)]差异均无统计学意义(x2 =0.16和0.07,P＞0.05).nCPAP组肺表面活性物质使用率(27.0％,17/63)低于对照组(83.3％,50/60),差异有统计学意义(x2=39.34,OR=0.3,90％ CI:0.2～0.6,P＜0.05).生后28 d时,nCPAP组辅助通气的比例(17.5％,11/63)低于对照组(25.0％,15/60)(OR=0.7,90％ CI:0.4～1.4)；至纠正胎龄36周时,nCPAP组辅助通气比例(6.3％,4/63)仍低于对照组(8.3％,5/60)(OR=0.8,90％ CI:0.2～2.4),但差异均无统计学意义(x2分别为1.05和0.01,P均＞0.05).nCPAP组气漏发生率(11.1％,7/63)低于对照组(33.3％,20/60),差异有统计学意义(x2=8.86,OR=0.3,90％ CI:0.2～0.7,P＜0.05). 结论 与气管插管接呼吸机通气相比,在早产极低出生体重儿中早期使用nCPAP,不能降低病死率或支气管肺发育不良发生率,但可缩短辅助机械通气时间,降低气漏和使用肺表面活性物质的比例.

Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure or intubation in very low birth weight preterm infants

Objective To investigate the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and intubation in very low birth weight preterm infants. Methods One hundred and twenty-three very low birth weight preterm infants with respiratory distress within 60 minutes after birth were randomly assigned to nCPAP (n=63) or intubation group (n=60).Outcomes at 7,28 days and 36 corrected gestational weeks were assessed with x2 or t-test. Results There were no significant difference in fatality rate and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia between nCPAP group and intubation group 7.9％ (5/63) vs 6.6％(4/60),4.8％(3/63) vs 3.3％(2/60),x2 =0.07and 0.16,P＞0.05].In nCPAP group,the use of pulmonary sulfactant was 27.0％ (17/63),lower than that (83.3 ％,50/60) in intubation group (x2 =39.34,OR=0.3,90 ％ CI:0.2-0.6,P＜0.05) ;The nCPAP group had fewer ventilation support in 28 days 17.5％ (11/63) vs 25.0％ (15/60),OR=0.7,90％ CI:0.4-1.4] and 36 weeks 6.3％ (4/63) vs 8.3％ (5/60),OR=0.8,90％ CI:0.2-2.4] than those in intubation group but without statistical difference (x2=1.05 and 0.01,P＞0.05,respectively).The incidence of air leak in nCPAP group were lower than intubation group 11.1％ (7/63) vs 33.3％ (20/60),x2 =8.86,OR=0.3,90％00 CI:0.2-0.7,P＜0.05].There was no significant difference for other complications between two groups. Conclusions In very low birth weight preterm infants,early nCPAP dose not significantly reduce the fatality rate and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia as compared with intubation ventilation,but shorten the time of ventilation and lower the incidence of air leak.