珠海市健康教育控制小学生被动吸烟效果评价研究

目的科学评价健康教育干预活动在控制小学生被动吸烟“知识、信念、行为”方面的效果，为控制小学生被动吸烟科学决策提供依据。方法本研究为流行病学干预实验研究，采用调查问卷方式进行，随机抽取珠海市4所小学的3、4、5年级学生为研究对象，两所小学为干预组，两所小学为对照组，先开展基线调查，然后开展健康教育干预活动，一年后再进行评估调查，比较干预前后及干预组与对照组小学生被动吸烟“知识、信念、行为”方面的变化。结果干预组小学生对被动吸烟知识的知晓率从基线调查时的55．5％（286／515）上升到评估调查时的84．5％（452／535），对被动吸烟危害健康的肯定认识率从基线调查时的70．3％（362／515）上升到评估调查时的83．4％（446／535），对有人在自己面前吸烟时提出反对意见的提意见率从基线调查时的66．1％（302／457）上升到评估调查时的75．3％（305／405），以上这些改变经统计学X^2检验，差异有显著性；由于本研究设立了平行对照，因此，可以推断小学生被动吸烟知信行方面的提高是与健康教育干预活动有关的。但干预组小学生被动吸烟率从基线调查时的49．1％（253／515）下降至评估调查时的43．4％（236／482），差异没有显著性（x。=3．505，P=0．061）。结论健康教育干预活动可以有效提高小学生对被动吸烟的知晓率和被动吸烟危害健康的认识率，增强学生的自我保护意识和采取积极的措施避免被动吸烟的发生，但对降低小学生被动吸烟率的发生效果不明显。

Evaluation on health education in preventing primary school students from passive smoking in Zhuhai

Objective To evaluate students＇ changes in knowledge, belief and behavior accurately after one year＇s intervention, this could provide the scientific reference basis for us to make more effective strategies to prevent adolescents from passive smoking. Methods Health-related behavior transition theory and epidemiological population intervention study were used in this research work. Samples were compcsed of primary school students in 3rd-- 5th grade drawn by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. These students were divided into control group and experimental group. Questionnaire survey was used to collect data that we needed. We compared their changes in knowledge, belief and behavior after one-year＇s health education and finally the role of health promotion was evaluated objectively. Results The witting rate of passive smoking of primary school students had raised from 55.5% （286/515） to 84.5% （452/535） after. one year＇s intervention, the rate of children who thought that passive smoking would certain do harm to health had raised from 70.3% （362/515） to 83.4% （446/535）. 75.3% （305/405） of the children would resisted smoking before them and the rate was high than that of baseline survey which was 66.1% （302/457）. The children＇s knowledge, attitude and behavior towards passive smoking had improved greatly （P〈0.01）. The prevalence rate of passive smoking in experimental group had dropped from 49.1% （253/515） to43.4% （236/482）（X^2 =3.505, P=0.061 ）. Conclusion Health education was very effective in improving primary school students＇ knowledge about passive smoking, enhancing their self-protect consciousness, and also it was very useful in making more children become more active in preventing themselves from suffering passive smoking on their own initiative. The prevalence rate of passive smoking in primary school did not reduce much after one-year＇s health education.