肺栓塞患者危险因素及临床特征分析

目的总结肺栓塞患者的危险因素和临床特征。方法分析37例肺栓塞的危险因素、临床特征、诊治经过及预后。结果37例肺栓塞中，手术科室发生15例（40．5％），非手术科室发生22例（59．5％）。13．5％患者有呼吸困难、胸痛、咯血三联征，13．5％心电图有SⅠQⅢTⅢ表现，21．6％有肺动脉高压，8．1％肺栓塞患者最终死亡。手术科室肺栓塞患者Kaprini评分和SⅠQⅢTⅢ比例显著高于非手术科室，但两组在临床症状、体征和预后上无统计学差异。住院期间病死率为8．1％，1年内病死率13．5％。结论住院患者是肺栓塞的高危人群，病死率高。恰当的风险评分、预防、早期发现和治疗可能是减少其病死率和致死率的有效方法。

Analysis of risk factors and clinical features of 37 patients with pulmonary embolism

Objective To summarize the clinical features and risk factors of patients with pulmonary embolism. Methods The risk factors, clinical features, treatment process and prognosis of 37 patients with pulmonary embolism were analyzed. Results 15 eases of pulmonary embolism happened in the operation division （ Group A） , and the rest 22 cases were distributed in other divisions （ Group B）. Only 13.5% of the patients had typical symptoms such as dyspnea, ehest pain and hemoptysis. 13.5% of the patients showed the sign of S I Qm T$ in electrocardiogram, and 21.6% with pulmonary artery hypertension. Both Kaprini seore and S 1 Q $ T$ rate were obvi- ously higher in the group A than in the group B. The mortality was 8. 1% during their hospital stay, and rose to 13.5% in one year after. Conclusion Patients during hospital stay have high mortality and risk for pulmonary embolism. The effective way to reduce its mortality and risk is to give appropriate risk assessment, prevention, and early identification and treatment.