山东省农村学龄前留守儿童情绪和行为问题及影响因素分析

目的 探讨山东省农村学龄前留守儿童情绪与行为问题特点及影响因素,为健康干预提供参考依据。方法 整群随机抽取山东省济南市长清区、聊城市高唐县2个镇8个幼儿园共735名3～6岁学龄前农村儿童,采用自行设计的儿童基本情况调查表、儿童家庭养育情况调查表、儿童长处和困难问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,SDQ)对其进行现况调查。结果 留守儿童困难问题检出率为16.5%,高于非留守儿童的14.3%。留守儿童在品行,多动问题方面的评分高于非留守儿童(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,看护人对养育负担的心理感受较轻(OR=0.652,95%CI=0.463～0.919)以及注意培养留守儿童的生活习惯(OR=0.676,95%CI=0.478～0.955)是影响留守儿童情绪与行为问题的保护因素。结论 留守问题会对农村的留守儿童的情绪和行为造成一定的影响,留守儿童的心理健康需要得到关注。

Status and influence factors of pre-school children's emotional and behavioral problems in rural areas of Shandong province

Objective To explore the status and influence factors of rural left-behind children aged 3 to 6 years in Shandong province for prevention strategies and suitable measures. Methods A total of 735 children aged 3 to 6 were selected as the subjects with random cluster sampling method from 8 kindergartens of two towns in Changqing and Gaotang,Shandong province.Children were investigated in a self-designed questionnaire of children's condition and Children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(edition of parents,SDQ). Results The prevalence of difficulty of left-behind children was 16.5%,higher than the prevalence of difficulty of non-left-behind children which was 14.3%.There were significant differences in the behavioral problem and hyperactivity problem of SDQ between left-behind children and non-left-behind children(P all <0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the lighter psychological burden feeling of caregivers on educating the left-behind children(OR=0.652,95%CI=0.463~0.919) and caregivers pay attention to cultivating the-left-behind children's living habits(OR=0.676,95%CI=0.478~0.955) were influencing factors. Conclusion Left behind phenomenon could have a certain impact on emotion and behavior of the left-behind children and more attention should be paid to keep their mental health.