儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与哮喘及过敏性疾病关系的病例对照研究

目的 探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与哮喘及过敏性疾病的关系, 为寻找注意缺陷多动障碍病因提供依据。方法 采用1∶1匹配病例对照研究, 对278例注意缺陷多动障碍儿童和278例正常儿童进行哮喘及过敏性疾病的调查。对相关的危险因素采用单因素χ²检验, 多因素条件Logistic回归分析。结果 病例组儿童哮喘、湿疹患病率与对照组差异无统计学意义(2.9%与1.1%和4.3%与1.8%, P>0.05);病例组有持续6个月发痒/疹子、曾经诊断鼻炎、近一年有哮喘症状的、及经常有流涕、眼痒、鼻塞等过敏现象的发生率显著性高于对照组(P<0.05)。条件Logistic回归分析, 过敏性鼻炎(P=0.029, OR=2.021, 95%CI:1.074~3.803)及经常有流涕、眼痒、鼻塞(P=0.012, OR=1.863, 95%CI:1.147~3.024)是ADHD的危险因素。结论 儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与过敏性鼻炎及经常有流涕、眼痒、鼻塞的发生存在相关性, 而与哮喘及湿疹发生的关系需进一步研究确定。

Case-control study on the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and asthma and allergic disease in children.

Objective To explore the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and asthma and allergic disease in children. Methods A 1∶1 matched case-control study of 278 children with ADHD and 278 normal children were investigated in asthma and allergic disease.The Chi-square test was used to test single factors while multi-factors inspection was test by conditional Logistic regression analysis. Results The suffering from asthma and eczema in cases and control group had no significant difference (2.9% vs 1.1%, 4.3% vs 1.8%, respectively, P>0.05).The incidence of allergic phenomenon such as itchy rash for six months, once diagnosed rhinitis, recent one year to have asthma symptom, and often have a runny nose, itchy eyes, nasal congestion were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05).Allergic rhinitis (P=0.029, OR=2.021, 95%CI:1.074~3.803), and often have a runny nose, eye itching, nasal congestion (P=0.012, OR=1.863, 95%CI:1.147~3.024) were risk factors for ADHD by conditional Logistic regression analysis. Conclusions Allergic rhinitis with a runny nose, itchy eyes, nasal congestion are associated with ADHD.Further studies need to be done in exploring the relationship of asthma or eczema with ADHD.