孤独症儿童营养及饮食行为问题干预的追踪研究

目的 探讨以IMFeD策略为主的综合干预对孤独症儿童营养素摄入、饮食行为问题以及对孤独症儿童家长营养及饮食相关知识知晓的干预效果。方法 随机选择孤独症儿童49例, 采用24 h膳食回顾法评估患儿营养素摄入情况, 自拟问卷完成儿童饮食及相关行为问题调查。通过对基线调查、3个月随访以及6个月终期调查结果的统计分析, 评价IMFeD对孤独症儿童营养素摄入、饮食行为问题以及家长饮食知识知晓的干预效果。结果 干预完成后, 孤独症儿童饮食行为问题中胃口差、食物偏好、不良进食习惯和家长的不良喂养行为均减少(均为P<0.05);家长营养及饮食知识知晓率由61.3%提升至77.5%;孤独症儿童能量、维生素C、钠、蛋白质、维生素B₆、磷、钾、硫胺素和叶酸的摄入水平有显著改善(P均<0.05)。结论 以IMFeD干预策略为主的综合干预手段对改善孤独症儿童的膳食营养素摄入、减少其饮食行为问题、提高家长正确营养及饮食知识知晓率均有明显作用。

The follow-up study on nutrition and diet behavior problems intervention of autistic children.

Objective To explore intervention effects on nutrient intake, eating behavior problems of children with autism and their parent's nutrition dietary knowledge improvement by comprehensive intervention based on IMFeD. Methods 49 children with autism were randomly selected to assessment their dietary intake by 24 hours dietary recalls, meanwhile, completed the investigation on children's diet and related behavioral problems with self-designed questionnaire.Before and after intervention, intervention effects of nutrient intake, dietary behavior problems of children with autism and parent's dietary knowledge level were evaluated. Results Dietary behavioral problems (including diet poor appetite, food preferences, poor eating habits and poor parental feeding behavior) in children with autism were decreased after intervention (P<0.05).The awareness rate of parent nutrition dietary knowledge increased from 61.3% to 77.5%.Intake levels of energy, vitamin C, sodium, protein, vitamin B6, phosphorus, thiamine and folic acid were improved significantly for children with autism (P<0.05). Conclusions IMFeD intervention strategies have obvious effects on improving autism dietary nutrient intake and knowledge awareness of parents dietary and nutrition, decreasing dietary behavior problems of autistic children.