宁夏回、汉族学龄前儿童龋患现况调查分析

目的 了解宁夏地区回、汉族学龄前儿童乳牙患龋及龋齿充填治疗情况，为其综合防治工作提供依据。方法 对宁夏6个县( 市、区)的2 592名3～5岁回、汉族学龄前儿童进行口腔健康检查，根据地方人均生产总值(GDP)高低、城乡、年龄、性别、民族等对乳牙常用龋齿指数进行分类统计。结果 1)宁夏地区学龄前儿童乳牙总体患龋率和龋均分别为57.41%和2.51。根据GDP由高到低所划分的3个地区(银川市、吴忠市、固原市)之间患龋率无显著差异，固原市儿童的龋均低于银川市和吴忠市，差异有统计学意义(t=2.239和3.457，P均<0.05)。2)学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率随着年龄的增长而逐渐上升，龋均在3岁组和4岁组之间差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.837，P<0.05)，而在4岁组和5岁组之间差异无统计学意义(t=-1.700，P>0.05)。3)回族学龄前儿童和汉族学龄前儿童的患龋率、龋均差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.045，t=1.508，P均>0.05)。4)学龄前儿童乳牙龋齿充填构成比较低，其中城市高于农村，差异有统计学意义(χ²=86.016，P<0.05)。结论 宁夏学龄前儿童乳牙存在患龋早、充填率低、回汉族儿童龋患无差异等特点，应加强口腔宣教和预防性干预。

Epidemiological investigation of deciduous dental caries among Hui and Han preschool children in Ningxia

Objective To recognize the status of dental caries and filling treatment of deciduous teeth among Hui and Han preschool children in Ningxia. Methods Making oral health examination for 2 592 Hui and Han preschool children aged 3 to 5 years old in six counties (cities,districts) of Ningxia.The common caries indexes of deciduous teeth were classified statistical by the local GDP level,urban and rural,age,gender,ethnic and so on. Results 1)The prevalence of dental caries and the mean dmft score were 57.41% and 2.51.According to GDP from high to low between the three regions,the prevalence of dental caries had no significant difference,while the mean dmft of Guyuan city were lower than those of Yinchuan and Wuzhong,the difference was statistically significant (t=2.239 and 3.457,P<0.05).2)Along with the growth of the age,the prevalence of dental caries increased gradually,the mean dmft with significant difference between the three years old and four years old(t=-2.837,P<0.05), but no significant difference between the four years old and five years old(t=-1.700,P>0.05).3)Hui and Han preschool children had no significant differences in the prevalence of dental caries and the mean dmft (χ²=2.045,t=1.508,P>0.05).4)The filling rate is relatively low,but the urban was higher than the rural,the difference was statistically significant (χ²=86.016,P<0.05). Conclusions Dental caries of deciduous teeth among preschool children is early in Ningxia,the filling rate was very low,there are no significant different in Hui and Han,so oral health education and preventive intervention should be strengthened.