不同年代住院精神病患者自杀的相关因素及护理策略

目的：了解不同年代住院精神病患者自杀的相关因素,以探索有效的预防精神病患者自杀的护理策略。方法：回顾性调查1961年～2000年32例不同年代住院精神病患者的自杀原因,并采用Logistic回归分析患者自杀的危险因素。结果：各种精神疾病患者自杀率差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;自杀与精神病理症状有关;既往有自杀史、负性生活事件、家庭成员有自杀史、病情严重和社会支持不足,是住院精神病患者发生自杀的危险因素;治疗依从性好是患者自杀的保护因素;各年代自杀率呈下降的趋势（P〈0.01）。结论：做好风险评估和实施预见性护理,控制病情,加强监护管理等综合护理措施,有利于预防住院精神病患者自杀行为。

A study on the related factors and nursing countermeasures of suicide accidents in psychotic inpatients among different years

Objective:To study the related factors of suicide accidents in psychotic inpatients among different years,so as to explore the nursing countermeasures for foreseeing and preventing suicide accidents.Methods:The data of 32 suicide in-patients during 1961 to 2000 were reviewed about suicide related factors.The related factors of suicide accidents were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results:The suicide rates of psychotic inpatients showed no significant difference among different psychosis(P>0.05).Suicide accidents were correlated with psychopathologic symptoms.The main risk factors of suicide were suicide past history,suicide family history,severer ill-condition,negative life events and insufficient social support.Better treatment adherence was protect factor of suicide accident.Suicide rates showed significantly decreasing tendency among different years(P<0.01).Conclusion:It's helpful for preventing suicide accident to perform multiple nursing countermeasures,including to completely evaluate risk factors of suicide and adopt foresight nursing,control ill-onset and enhance supervision.