Adolescent Cannabis Use During a Period of Rapid Policy Change: Evidence From the PATH Study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;2. Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana;1. Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children''s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;2. Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;1. RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;2. Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;3. Neighborhood Resilience Project, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;4. University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;1. Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;2. E. P. Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode Island;3. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland;4. Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, District of Columbia;1. TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Univeristy of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;2. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;3. Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;4. West Virginia Prevention Research Center, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;5. Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;6. Ohio State University, Government Resources Center, Columbus, Ohio |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo determine whether shifts in various state-level cannabis policies are associated with individual-level changes in adolescent cannabis use following implementation.MethodsWe use the restricted-access youth cohort of the PATH Study, a recent, longitudinal, and nationally representative dataset, to assess whether changes in cannabis policy affect youth cannabis use. Data include respondents aged 12 to 17 years across up to six repeated observations (N = 26,673). Hybrid (between-person and within-person) panel models are used to examine adolescent past-month cannabis use.ResultsWithin-person effects showed that the odds of past-month cannabis use are lower (odds ratio [OR] = 0.632; p < .05) in years when a respondent's state allowed only cannabidiol (CBD) compared to years when the state had legalized medical cannabis. The odds of past-month cannabis use are lower during years when a respondent's state had decriminalized (OR = 0.617; p < .01) or criminalized (OR = 0.648; p < .05) adult recreational cannabis possession compared to years when it was legalized. These effects were robust to numerous controls, including time and state fixed effects. By contrast, significant between-person effects became nonsignificant with state fixed effects included, implying that state-level average use distinguishes average differences between states rather than policy.DiscussionLiberalized cannabis policy is significantly associated with recent adolescent cannabis use. The most consequential policy shift associated with adolescent use is from either criminalization or decriminalization of cannabis possession to legalization, such that states making these changes should consider additional prevention efforts. |
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| Keywords: | Cannabis policy Cannabis use Adolescent substance use Decriminalization Legalization |
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