Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Adolescent Bereavement in the United States During the Extended Response to COVID-19: A Follow-Up Study |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina;2. North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina;3. Data Team, Crisis Text Line, New York City, New York;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children''s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;3. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;4. Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;5. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;6. Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;7. Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida;8. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;1. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;2. Cityblock Health, Boston, Massachusetts;3. RTI International, Berkeley, California;4. Health for a Prosperous Nation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;5. Shinyanga Regional Medical Office, Shinyanga, Tanzania;6. National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly, and Children, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;7. Institute for Health and Aging, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;1. Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica;2. Caribbean Institute for Health Research-Sickle Cell Unit, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica;1. School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John''s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada;2. Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John''s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada |
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| Abstract: | PurposeThis follow-up study investigated the spatio-temporal clustering of adolescent bereavement during the extended response to COVID-19 from October 2020–January 2022 in the continental United States.MethodsDeidentified and anonymized bereavement data from Crisis Text Line (CTL), a text-based crisis intervention service, and SaTScan cluster analysis were used to identify space-time clustering of bereavement among adolescents, aged 24 years and less, during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsClustering of bereavement conversations occurred during waves of high COVID-19 case and death counts, with the highest risk occurring in the Southeastern United States during the fall of 2020 (relative risk: 5.86, confidence interval: 3.48–8.24). Of the CTL texters who shared their demographic information, Indigenous American, Black, male, and female adolescents were more likely to seek help for bereavement when compared to the other CTL users.DiscussionFindings show an increased need for bereavement counseling resources during periods of high COVID-19 cases and deaths. |
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| Keywords: | Crisis response Cluster analysis Bereavement COVID-19 Mental health SaTScan Digital interventions Grief |
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