苦参开花和授粉生物学特性的研究

目的 研究苦参开花和授粉特性，以及小花发育的特点。方法 通过形态学观察，结合花粉活力和柱头可授性等生理活性的测定，研究苦参开花和授粉习性。结果 根据花器官的形态和生理活性变化，把苦参的小花发育分为S1～S7阶段。在S3～S5阶段，花朵尚未开放时，花粉和柱头逐渐发育成熟，具有活力且柱头的发育滞后于花粉的发育；在S6阶段之后，小花开放，花药迅速失活，但是柱头继续伸长并维持活力。小花开放后的72 h内，花粉保持较高活力。柱头活力在9：00最高。结论 苦参的柱头和花粉在花蕾开放前已具有生理活性且花粉已经释放，显示出典型的闭花授粉特征，但是花蕾开放之后，柱头继续伸长，并保持活性，表明也有异花授粉的特征，这对苦参种子生产、遗传资源保存、杂交育种等具有重要的理论指导意义。

Pollination Biology of Sophora flavescens

Objective This study investigated the reproductive biology and pollination behavior, as well as floret development of Sophora flavescens.Methods Morphological features of florets and physiological viability of pollen and stigma were investigated systematically to evaluate the reproductive biology and pollination behavior of S. flavescens.Results The floret development of S. flavescens was briefly divided into seven stages based on the flora size, the viability of pollen, and stigma. At stages S3-S5, the pollen and stigma have been fully developed, and possibly performed the pollination while the floret still not bloomed yet, and the development of stigma lagged behind that of pollen. After blooming, the pollens lost their viability rapidly, but the stigma was able to continue to grow longer and maintain higher viability. Furthermore, pollens maintained their viability within 72 hours post blooming. The stigma showed the highest activity at 9:00.Conclusion The results suggest that S. flavescens has typical cleistogamous flowers like other legume plants, but S. flavescens has the capability of cross-pollination. These results are expected to provide references for breeding and seed proliferation of S. flavescens.