浙江省基于人群和全国传染病监测系统的腹泻病发病率比较

目的：了解浙江省人群腹泻病发病水平及与全国疾病监测系统报告数据一致性。方法：按PPS和分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取浙江省2个地市的8个社区和12个村的3月龄以上年龄人群，采用人户调查的方式收集人群基本人口学情况、腹泻病发病情况和就诊情况，对发病水平进行描述流行病学分析，并与全国传染病监测系统数据相比较。结果：浙江省人群腹泻病两周发病率为0．59％，年发病率为o．15次／人／年。夏秋季是5岁以下婴幼儿高发季节，冬春季是45岁以上中老年人高发季节，城乡两周发病率差异无统计学意义（X^2=1．642，P=0．200），男女两周发病率差异亦无统计学意义（X^2=0．028，P=0．868），60岁以上年龄组和散居儿童是高发人群，两周发病率分别为o．88％和2．28％。人群调查的腹泻病发病率是同期同地区全国传染病监测系统报告发病率的2．48倍，差异有显著性意义（X^2=442．830，P=0．000）。结论：浙江省人群腹泻病发病率较低，散居儿童和老年人是高发人群，应给与更多关注，农村感染性腹泻漏报情况较多，应加强监测管理。

A comparison of incidences of diarrhea between a population--based study and the disease surveillance system in Zhejiang province

Objective To compare the incidences of diarrhea between a population--based study and the disease surveillance system in Zhejiang Province. Methods With the sampling method of PPS and stratified multi-- stage random cluster,eight communities and twelve villages from two cities were selected to conduct quarterly the household survey of diarrhea illness for one year. People aged 3 months and above were selected to obtain all information with a standard- ized structured questionnaire by face--to--face interview. Data were analyzed with chi--square test to compare the inci- dence of diarrhea illness. Results Two-week incidence of diarrhea illness of the population in Zhejiang Province was 0. 59 percent and the corresponding rate of diarrhea per person per year was 0.15. The peak season were summer and autumn in children 〈5 years,while the peak season were winter and spring in older people above 45 years. Older people above 60 years and scattered children 〈5 years were high--risk population and the two--week incidences of diarrhea illness were 0.88% and 2.28%. The incidence of diarrhea illness of the population was 2.48 times that from the disease surveillance system during the same period in the same region. Conclusions The incidence of diarrhea illness was lower among population in Zhejiang province. Older people above 45 years and scattered children ~5 years were high--risk population and they should be given more care. Management of disease surveillance should be strengthened in rural areas because of the more omission of infectious diarrhea.