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Progress of the research into the mechanism of pediatric acute liver failure.

??The causes of acute liver failure ??ALF?? in children differ from those observed in adults. They can be schematically grouped into six categories?? metabolic?? infective?? toxic?? autoimmune?? vascular and malignancy-induced ALF. Although the mechanisms of liver injury contributing to ALF vary due to different causes and are incompletely understood?? they can be summarized into two categories?? direct damage and immune-mediated liver injury. Cellular necrosis and apoptosis are the final changes of pathology. This article will review the current knowledge of the epidemiology and mechanisms of ALF in children.