宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染的免疫研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒是一种常见的双链闭环DNA病毒，主要引起皮肤黏膜的良恶性增殖性疾病，高危型HPV的持续感染已被证实是宫颈癌发生的必要因素。病毒进入人体后，机体启动固有免疫、细胞免疫、体液免疫来清除病毒。树突细胞、朗格罕氏细胞、自然杀伤细胞等参与抗病毒免疫反应中的抗原提呈、吞噬。T细胞介导的细胞免疫在清除HPV感染中发挥重要的作用。然而，HPV也可以通过多种逃逸机制逃避机体的免疫清除，使得HPV感染持续存在，从而导致宫颈病变。因此，进一步深入明确机体感染HPV后所诱导的固有免疫、细胞免疫、体液免疫等免疫反应及免疫逃逸机制，对于下一步研发新药物、新治疗方法和新疫苗具有重要作用。本文就HPV感染的机体免疫反应变化进行系统性综述。

Progress in Immunization of Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection

Human papillomavirus is a common double-strand closed-loop DNA virus,which mainly causes benign and malignant proliferative diseases of the skin mucosa.The persistent infection of high-risk HPV has been confirmed to be an essential factor for cervical cancer.After the virus enters the human body,the body initiates innate immunity,cellular immunity,and humoral immunity to remove the virus.Dendritic cells,Langerhans cells,natural killer cells,etc.participate in antigen presentation and phagocytosis in antiviral immune responses.T cell-mediated cellular immunity plays an important role in the clearance of HPV infection.However,HPV can also escape the immune clearance of the body through a variety of escape mechanisms,so that HPV infection persists,leading to cervical lesions.Therefore,further in-depth analysis of the immune response and immune escape mechanisms induced by HPV after infection of HPV will play an important role in the development of new drugs,new treatment methods and new vaccines.This article systematically reviews the changes in the immune response of HPV infection.