2016年河南省居民主要死亡原因及对期望寿命的影响分析

目的 分析河南省居民的死亡原因以及主要死亡原因对期望寿命的影响，为提高居民健康水平和制定相应的防控策略提供依据。方法 收集整理2016年河南省36个疾病监测县（区）的死亡数据资料，计算死亡率、构成比、死因顺位、期望寿命和去死因期望寿命等相关指标。结果 2016年河南省疾病监测地区居民粗死亡率为551.03/10万，标化死亡率495.08/10万，男性死亡率（631.93/10万）高于女性（464.92/10万），差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 3 094.63，P＜0.001）。死亡原因主要以慢性病为主，占全部死亡的88.11%。居民前五位死因顺位分别是脑血管疾病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤、伤害和呼吸系统疾病，占全部死因的比例达91.09%。居民人均期望寿命78.19岁，男性75.18岁，女性81.64岁；造成寿命损失的疾病种类依次为心脏病、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、伤害、呼吸系统疾病。结论 影响河南省居民健康和寿命损失的主要疾病是以心脑血管疾病和恶性肿瘤为主的慢性病，提示在以后的疾病防控中应针对性的加强慢性病的综合防治工作，降低慢性病的发病和死亡。

Analysis the main death causes and its impact on life expectancy of Henan Province in 2016

Objective To analyze the death causes and the impact of the main death causes on life expectancy in Henan,and to provide a basis for improving the residents health and control strategies. Methods The death date of 36 counties of Henan Province in 2016 were collected and the crude mortality, proportion, rank of death cause, life expectancy and cause eliminated life expectancy were calculated. Results The crude mortality of 36 counties was 551.03/100 000,and the standardized mortality rate was 495.08/100 000, males mortality was higher (631.93/100 000) than that of females (464.92/100 000) in 2016, the differences were significant(χ2=3094.63, P<0.001) . Chronic diseases was the main death causes, accounting for 88.11% of all deaths. The top five causes of death were cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, malignant tumors, injuries and respiratory diseases, which accounted for 91.09%. The life expectancy was 78.19 years, in which males were 75.18 and females were 81.64 years. The main diseases of life loss were heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, injuries and respiratory diseases. Conclusion The most impact diseases on life expectancy are cardiovascular diseases，cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumors in Henan. It is suggested that the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases should be strengthened to reduce the morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases.