2013 - 2016年北京市海淀区麻疹病毒实验室检测结果分析

目的 对2013 - 2016年北京市海淀区麻疹病毒实验室检测结果进行分析，评价2种检测方法的阳性率和一致性，找出快速、准确的实验室检测方法。方法 对2013 - 2016年期间采集的443例疑似麻疹患者咽拭子标本进行核酸检测，同时对其全血标本运用ELISA方法进行IgM抗体检测。结果 443例患者咽拭子标本的核酸检测总阳性率为59.82%（265/443），IgM抗体检测总阳性率为38.15%（169/443），核酸检测的阳性率显著高于IgM抗体检测的阳性率（P＜0.01）；2种方法检出均为阳性的病例为145例，均为阴性的病例为154例，一致率为67.49%（299/443）；413例信息齐全的出疹病例中，不同出疹天数核酸检测阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 1.259，P = 0.739），IgM特异性抗体检测阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 7.946，P＜0.05）。结论 2013 - 2016年海淀区麻疹病毒核酸检测阳性率显著高于麻疹病毒IgM抗体检测的阳性率，在今后的工作中，应将2种方法相互结合，相互补充。

Analysis on laboratory diagnosis results of measles virus in Haidian District of Beijing from 2013 to 2016

Objective The research was to find out a laboratory testing method which was accurate by analyzing the laboratory results from 2013 to 2016 in Haidian district of Beijing. Methods 443 nucleic acid samples were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Meanwhile, IgM antibody of measles virus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The positive rate was 59.82% （265/443）by RT-PCR method and 38.15% （169/443）by ELISA, with a significant difference(P<0.01). Of the two methods, 145 cases were positive and 154 cases were negative. The concordance rate was 67.49%(299/443). In 413 cases of complete information, there was no significant difference in positive rate of nucleic acid detection(χ2=1.259, P=0.739), but there was a significant difference in the positive rate of IgM antibody detection (χ2=7.946, P<0.05) in different rash time. Conclusion The positive rate of nucleic acid detection of measles virus was significantly higher than that of measles virus IgM antibody in Haidian district from 2013 to 2016. In the future work, the two methods should be combined to complement each other.