基于老年综合评估的社区家庭访视护理对老年高血压患者生活质量的影响研究

目的　探讨基于老年综合评估（CGA）的社区家庭访视护理对老年高血压患者生活质量的影响。方法　采用方便抽样法选取银川市某两家社区卫生服务站，一家社区卫生服务站作为干预组，另一家作为对照组，于健康体检日随机抽取老年高血压患者各39例作为研究对象。干预组患者进行为期6个月的基于CGA的社区家庭访视护理干预；对照组同期接受常规的社区家庭访视护理干预。于干预前、干预后3、6个月比较两组患者的血压水平，于干预前、干预后6个月比较两组患者的生活质量得分。结果　最终71例患者完成研究，其中干预组35例、对照组36例。两组患者收缩压水平在组别上差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），在时间上差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），组别和时间存在交互作用（P<0.05）；两组患者舒张压水平在组别上差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），在时间上差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），组别和时间不存在交互作用（P>0.05）。干预前，两组患者生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域得分及生活质量总分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。干预后，干预组患者生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域得分及生活质量总分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；两组患者环境领域得分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　基于CGA的社区家庭访视护理干预可帮助患者有效控制血压并改善生活质量。

Effect of Home Visits Based on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment by Community Health Workers on the Quality of Life of Elderly Patients with Hypertension

Objective　To explore the effect of home visits based on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment （CGA） by community health workers on the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients.Methods　We randomly selected 78 elderly hypertensive patients from 2 community health stations sampled conveniently from Yinchuan on the day of undergoing physical examination，39 of whom from one community health station received a 6-month home visits based on CGA（intervention group），while other 39 ones from other community health station received a 6-month conventional home visits（control group）．Quality of life and blood pressure were measured before the intervention，and at the end of the third and sixth months of intervention.Results　Totaled 71 patients including 35 in the intervention group and 36 in the control group finished the intervention. The mean systolic blood pressure（SBP）and diastolic blood pressure（DBP） were similar in both groups before and after intervention（P>0.05）. The SBP and DBP differed significantly between the groups over the intervention time（P<0.05）. SBP was affected obviously by the interaction effect of the type and duration of intervention （P<0.05） while DBP was not（P>0.05）. The mean scores of the domains of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment were similar in both groups before intervention（P>0.05）, but at the end of the intervention, all of them improved significantly in the intervention group（P<0.05） except for the mean scores of environment（P>0.05）.Conclusion　Home visits based on CGA by community health workers is conducive to effectively controlling blood pressure and improving the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients.