2016年陕西省城乡集中式供水水质现状分析

目的 全面了解陕西省城乡集中式供水卫生状况,为改善城乡饮水水质提供科学参考。方法 于2016年3-10月,对陕西省1566处城乡集中式供水工程开展卫生学调查和水质分析。数据按照城市地区和农村地区分别统计、分析与评价。结果 全省水样达标率为5846%,城市地区(8634%)高于农村地区(5104%)(P＜005);城市地区、农村地区水源类型均以深井水为主;城市地区和农村地区拥有消毒措施的供水工程占比分别为9648%和2634%,消毒设备按照要求使用率分别为8732%和1566%,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜005);城市地区和农村地区总大肠菌群的达标率分别为9337%和6664%,菌落总数的达标率分别为9861%和9172%。农村地区氟化物和铬(六价)的达标率分别为9354%和9521%。结论 陕西省城乡水质存在差距,微生物污染是影响陕西省城乡集中式供水水质的主要因素。农村地区消毒设备配备使用率低,局部地区氟化物和铬(六价)超标现象普遍。应因地制宜的采取有效措施,保障水质安全。

Water quality of urban and rural centralized water supply,Shaanxi,2016

Objective To understand the sanitary status of urban and rural centralized water supply in Shaanxi Province,and to provide scientific evidence for improving their water quality.Methods From March to October of 2016,hygienic investigation and water quality analysis were carried out in 1566 urban and rural centralized water supply projects in Shaanxi Province,and the data were statistically analyzed and evaluated according to urban areas and rural areas.Results The qualified rate of water samples in Shaanxi Province was 58.46%.The qualified rate in urban regions was 86.34%,which was significantly higher than that in rural(51.04%)(P<0.05).The types of water sources in urban and rural regions were mainly deep well water.The water supply projects with disinfection measures in urban and rural areas accounted for 96.48% and 26.34%,respectively,and the utilization rates of disinfection equipment were 87.32% and 15.66%,respectively.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The qualified rates of total coliforms in urban and rural regions were 93.37% and 66.64%,respectively,and the qualified rates of the total bacterial count were 98.61% and 91.72%,respectively.The qualified rates of fluoride and hexavalent chromium in the water samples of rural regions were 93.54% and 95.21%,respectively.Conclusion There is a significant difference in water quality between urban and rural in Shaanxi,and microorganism pollution is the main affecting factor.The availability and utilization of sterilizing equipment in rural areas are low.Fluoride and hexavalent chromium seriously exceed the hygienic standard for water quality in rural regions.Effective measures should be taken according to local conditions to ensure water quality safety.