2013-2017年平顶山市农村地区环境卫生状况调查分析

目的 了解平顶山市农村地区环境卫生状况及变化趋势,为改进农民居住环境提供参考措施。方法 2013-2017年,采用分层随机抽样方法每年抽取平顶山市2个区县、10个乡镇、40个行政村、200户家庭,采用统一调查表、通过查阅资料、访谈、现场考察等方法获得监测数据。结果 2013-2017年监测村农民人均纯收入呈上升趋势;集中式供水覆盖率6772%;卫生厕所使用比例从5060%上升至6431%,粪便由专人清运户数从15%上升至4375%;生活垃圾统一收集的监测村比例从25%上升至225%,丢弃地点在房屋周围的监测户4276%、比例从62%降至1292%;生活污水采用管道排放的监测户125%、比例从65%升至25%;病媒生物控制工作开展的监测村比例低于30%;随意丢弃废弃农药瓶的监测户高达8761%;200份土壤中73份铅、37份镉处于二级标准。结论 平顶山市农村环境卫生状况逐年改善,但仍存在影响人群身体健康的环境危险因素,应进一步采取措施改善卫生状况。

Investigation on environmental hygiene in rural areas of Pingdingshan,2013-2017

Objective To understand the situation and dynamic changes of environmental health in rural areas of Pingdingshan,and to provide reference measures for improving the living environment of farmers.Methods During 2013-2017,two hundred rural households were selected from forty administrative villages in two counties throughout Pingdingshan each year by a stratified random sampling method.The uniform questionnaires,interviews,and field observation were conducted to collect the related data.Results The per capita net income of farmers has increased year by year from 2013 to 2017;the centralized water supply coverage rate was 67.72%;the hygiene rate of health household toilets increased from 50.60% to 64.31% and the proportion of faeces specialists cleaned and transported rose from 1.5% to 43.75%.The proportion of collecting garbage in a unified way increased from 2.5% to 22.5%.42.76% of families discarded household garbage around the house,the proportion decreased from 62% to 12.92%.12.5% of domestic sewage was monitored by pipelines,and the proportion increased from 6.5% to 25%.The proportion of villages carrying out biological vectors control projects less than 30%.87.61% of monitoring households randomly discarded waste pesticide bottles.Among the 200 soils,73 parts of lead and 37 parts of cadmium in the soil were in secondary standards.Conclusion The situation of rural sanitation in Pingdingshan has been improving year by year,but there are still environmental risk factors affecting the health of the population.Further measures should be taken to improve the health status.