2010-2017年北京市海淀区居民恶性肿瘤死亡特征及趋势分析

目的　了解海淀区2010-2017年居民恶性肿瘤死亡水平、特征和变化趋势。方法　死亡资料来源于北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心的居民病伤死亡原因年报表，死因根据ICD-10 分类，计算恶性肿瘤死亡率、标化死亡率、构成比和年度变化百分比（Annual Percent Change，APC）等指标，采用Excel2016、SPSS19.0进行统计分析。结果　2010-2017年海淀区居民恶性肿瘤死亡率为138.18/10 万，标化死亡率为98.47/10 万，占全死因构成的31.57%，居第1位。男/女性恶性肿瘤标化死亡率比为1.47。死亡率随年龄增长呈上升趋势，55岁以后明显增加。男性恶性肿瘤死亡率前5位为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠和肛门癌、胰腺癌，肝癌呈下降趋势，APC为-3.63%（t=-3.049，P＜0.05），差异有统计学意义；女性前5位为肺癌、结直肠和肛门癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、胰腺癌，肝癌、肺癌死亡率呈下降趋势，APC分别为-5.35%（t=-3.003，P＜0.05），-3.25%（t=-2.764，P＜0.05），差异有统计学意义。结论　2010-2017年恶性肿瘤是海淀区居民死亡的首位原因，应针对不同性别、年龄人群和流行趋势采取相应的综合防治措施，以降低恶性肿瘤死亡率。

Epidemiological characteristics and trend of malignant tumor mortality in Haidian of Beijing, 2010-2017

Objective　To understand the mortality level, characteristics and trends of malignant tumour deaths in Haidian of Beijing from 2010 to 2017. [WTHZ]Methods　The data of cancer mortality was derived from the annual report of deaths caused in the Center for disease control and prevention of Haidian. The cause of death was classified according to ICD-10. The mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, constituent ratio and annual percent change (APC) were calculated, and the data were analyzed with Excel2016 and SPSS19.0 software. [WTHZ]Results　During 2010-2017, the average mortality rate of malignant tumor was 138.18/105, and the standardized mortality rate was 98.47/105, accounting for 31.56% of the total death causes in Haidian, ranking first. The standardized mortality rate of a male was as 1.47 times as female’s, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=588.319, P＜0.01). The mortality increased with age, which was obvious after 55 years old. The top five male malignant tumours were lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer. The downward trend of liver cancer was significant, APC=-3.63% (t=-3.049, P<0.05). The top five of female were lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. Female lung cancer. Liver and lung cancer mortality showed a downward trend, the APC was -5.35% (t=-3.003, P<0.05) and -3.25% (t=-2.764, P<0.05), the difference was statistically significant. [WTHZ]Conclusion　Malignant tumours in 2010-2017 are the leading cause of death in Haidian. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken for different genders, age groups and prevalence trend to reduce the mortality of cancer.