铝佐剂的性质及作用机制研究进展

佐剂是多种人用和兽用疫苗的重要成分，疫苗中加入佐剂可以增强机体对抗原的免疫应答。铝佐剂是开发最早、应用最广的疫苗佐剂。铝佐剂对抗原的吸附受其自身理化性质、溶液的离子强度和抗原的浓度等多种因素影响，其通过抗原储库效应、刺激树突状细胞成熟和T细胞分化、促进危险信号分子释放等来增强免疫应答。此文根据近年国内外研究，对铝佐剂的理化性质、吸附机制和作用机制进行综述。

Research progress on the properties and action mechanism of aluminum adjuvants

Adjuvant is an important component in a variety of human and veterinary vaccines. Adding adjuvant to vaccines can enhance immune response to antigens. Aluminum-containing adjuvant is the earliest developed and most widely used adjuvant. The adsorption of aluminum adjuvants to antigens is affected by many factors such as their physical and chemical properties,solution ionic strength, and antigen concentrations. Aluminum adjuvants enhance the immune response through formation of an antigen depot, stimulation of dendritic cell maturation and T cell differentiation, and promotion of danger signal molecule release. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties, adsorption and action mechanisms of aluminum adjuvants are reviewed based on recent domestic and international researches.